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→Common Modulations
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Modulations usually take place between highly-related keys (those with the most common notes). See the table below.
{|
|
{|class="wikitable"
!colspan="2"|
|-
| '''M7''' || 2 || 5 || 4
|}
|
{|class="wikitable"
!colspan="2"|
!colspan="3"| Key 2 Type<br>and number<br>of common<br>notes
|-
! Key 1 Type
! Key 2 Root's<br>relation to<br>Key 1 Root
! Major !! Minor !! Harmonic<br>Minor
|-
!rowspan="13"| Minor
|-
| M7 || 3 || 2 || 3
|}
|
{|class="wikitable"
!colspan="2"|
!colspan="3"| Key 2 Type<br>and number<br>of common<br>notes
|-
! Key 1 Type! Key 2 Root's<br>relation to<br>Key 1 Root! Major !! Minor !! Harmonic<br>Minor|-!rowspan="13"| Harmonic <br>Minor
|-
| '''U''' || 4 || '''6''' ||
|-
| '''M7''' || 3 || 3 || 3
|}
|
|}
Useful for modulating between two keys that are not closely related, chromatic modulation uses a chromatic line to bridge the keys. In other words, for the chords chosen, one voice can move up or down 2 or more half-steps. This necessarily implies the transition will occur over at least 3 chords. For the strongest effect, the chromatic line should lead into the root of the new key.
For example, consider a modulation from C Major to A Harmonic Minor. C Major has a G note, while A Harmonic Minor has G{{s}} and A. This allows us to create a G - G{{s}} - A chromatic line through the following progression: G - E - A. That's ('''G''' B D) - (E '''G{{s}}''' B) - ('''A''' C E). If we follow good [[Voice Leading|voice leading]], we can keep the G, G{{s}}, and A notes in the same voice, thus getting the chromatic line. G is the V chord of C Major. E is the V chord of A Harmonic Minor. The progression could be written as:
C F G E Am C F G E Am
A--0--2--4----------0-----|-------------------
E-------------------------|-------------------
A B C# D E A D A G F# E
Notice how we end the key of A with a strong authentic cadence; but immediately use a phrase with G instead of G{{s}}, to differentiate between the keys of A and D Major. We also use an E in the first measure, but Em in the second. This emphasizes the modulation, with separation between phrases, even though the 2 keys share 6 of their 7 notes.