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C F Em C
C Dm G C
C Am G C
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The mediant is often thought of as a <u>parallel</u> or <u>substitute</u> for the dominant chord. The 5th of the mediant is the leading tone or 7th note of the scale, which tends to "want" to resolve to the tonic note. Thus, they often serve the same harmonic function of resolving to the tonic chord (dominant), although the resolution is weaker than V - I.
C F Em C
I IV iii I
E-0-------|-1-------|-0-------|-0-------|
B-1-------|-1-------|-0-------|-1-------|
D is the 2nd note in the C Major scale, which means the D Minor chord in the context of C Major is called the <u>ii Chord</u>. Again that's the roman numeral 2. The ii Chord is called the <u>supertonic</u>. It is a parallel of the IV or subdominant chord, and can be used to substitute for it, giving it a subdominant harmonic function.
C Dm G C
I ii V I
E-0-------|-1-------|-3-------|-0-------|
B-1-------|-3-------|-3-------|-1-------|
The submediant is a parallel of the tonic, having some of the same functionality; but without its resolution. Thus, the vi chord serves mostly as a transition between two chord groups.
C Am G C
I vi V I
E-0-------|-0-------|-3-------|-0-------|
B-1-------|-1-------|-3-------|-1-------|