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== Digital EQ ==
Digital EQ's use phase-shifting to perform the task of analog filters. While this gives more control over exactly how you EQ the sound, it can also lead to artifacts such as transient-smearing, depending on exactly how the EQ operates.
== Center/Cutoff Frequency ==
EQ's have a center or cutoff frequency that determines where on the frequency domain the change will be focused. For filters that use a center frequency, this is the frequency that will be most impacted by the filter, with neighboring frequencies also affected but to lesser degrees. For filters that use a cutoff frequency, it basically describes the frequency above or below which other frequencies are impacted. For low/high pass filters, it refers to the frequency that has -3 db of gain reduction.
== Resonance ==
Some filters have resonance around the cutoff frequency, where a (usually) small band of frequencies actually recieve a gain boost. This essentially emphasizes the cutoff frequency.
== Q Factor ==
Q factor refers to the size of the range of affected frequencies. Another way to look at it is how noticeable or subtle the EQ change is in relation to the center/cutoff frequency compared to neighboring frequencies. Q is measured as 1/n octaves; a Q factor of 1 means the range of impacted frequencies is 1 octave wide. As Q increases, the size of impacted frequencies shrinks.
{|
! Center Frequency !! Q Factor !! Low Frequency !! High Frequency
|-
| 1,000 HZ || 0.5 || 500 HZ || 2,000 HZ
|-
| 1,000 HZ || 1 || 750 HZ || 1,500 HZ
|-
| 1,000 HZ || 2 || 875 HZ || 1,250 HZ
|}
== Gain ==
Gain simply refers to the desired impact to the selected frequencies. In a band-stop/pass filter, this refers to the amount of gain boost/reduction applied to the center frequency. In a shelf filter, it refers to all frequencies past the cutoff beyond any transition band specified by Q factor. High/Low-Pass filters typically do not have a gain setting - the amount of gain reduction is determined by the distance from the cutoff frequency and the Q Factor setting.
== Common EQ's ==