Ref: Circle of Fifths

Contents

Tables of fifths w/ scales

Major - C♭ to C♯

Key	C♭	G♭	D♭	A♭	E♭	B♭	F	C	G	D	A	E	B	F♯	C♯
Flats/ Sharps	7 ♭'s	6 ♭'s	5 ♭'s	4 ♭'s	3 ♭'s	2 ♭'s	1 ♭'s	0 ♭/♯'s	1 ♯'s	2 ♯'s	3 ♯'s	4 ♯'s	5 ♯'s	6 ♯'s	7 ♯'s
Uni	C♭	G♭	D♭	A♭	E♭	B♭	F	C	G	D	A	E	B	F♯	C♯
2nd	D♭	A♭	E♭	B♭	F	C	G	D	A	E	B	F♯	C♯	G♯	D♯
3rd	E♭	B♭	F	C	G	D	A	E	B	F♯	C♯	G♯	D♯	A♯	E♯
4th	F♭	C♭	G♭	D♭	A♭	E♭	B♭	F	C	G	D	A	E	B	F♯
5th	G♭	D♭	A♭	E♭	B♭	F	C	G	D	A	E	B	F♯	C♯	G♯
6th	A♭	E♭	B♭	F	C	G	D	A	E	B	F♯	C♯	G♯	D♯	A♯
7th	B♭	F	C	G	D	A	E	B	F♯	C♯	G♯	D♯	A♯	E♯	B♯
Oct	C♭	G♭	D♭	A♭	E♭	B♭	F	C	G	D	A	E	B	F♯	C♯

Notice the 4ths and 7ths - this is where the notes flatten/sharpen when shifting keys up/down a fifth (or down/up a fourth).

Natural Minor - A♭ to A♯

Key	A♭	E♭	B♭	F	C	G	D	A	E	B	F♯	C♯	G♯	D♯	A♯
Flats/ Sharps	7 ♭'s	6 ♭'s	5 ♭'s	4 ♭'s	3 ♭'s	2 ♭'s	1 ♭'s	0 ♭/♯'s	1 ♯'s	2 ♯'s	3 ♯'s	4 ♯'s	5 ♯'s	6 ♯'s	7 ♯'s
Uni	A♭	E♭	B♭	F	C	G	D	A	E	B	F♯	C♯	G♯	D♯	A♯
2nd	B♭	F	C	G	D	A	E	B	F♯	C♯	G♯	D♯	A♯	E♯	B♯
3rd	C♭	G♭	D♭	A♭	E♭	B♭	F	C	G	D	A	E	B	F♯	C♯
4nd	D♭	A♭	E♭	B♭	F	C	G	D	A	E	B	F♯	C♯	G♯	D♯
5rd	E♭	B♭	F	C	G	D	A	E	B	F♯	C♯	G♯	D♯	A♯	E♯
6th	F♭	C♭	G♭	D♭	A♭	E♭	B♭	F	C	G	D	A	E	B	F♯
7th	G♭	D♭	A♭	E♭	B♭	F	C	G	D	A	E	B	F♯	C♯	G♯
Oct	A♭	E♭	B♭	F	C	G	D	A	E	B	F♯	C♯	G♯	D♯	A♯

Notice the 2nds and 6ths - this is where the notes flatten/sharpen when shifting keys up/down a fifth (or down/up a fourth).

Harmonic Minor - A♭ to A♯

Key	A♭	E♭	B♭	F	C	G	D	A	E	B	F♯	C♯	G♯	D♯	A♯
Uni	A♭	E♭	B♭	F	C	G	D	A	E	B	F♯	C♯	G♯	D♯	A♯
2nd	B♭	F	C	G	D	A	E	B	F♯	C♯	G♯	D♯	A♯	E♯	B♯
3rd	C♭	G♭	D♭	A♭	E♭	B♭	F	C	G	D	A	E	B	F♯	C♯
4nd	D♭	A♭	E♭	B♭	F	C	G	D	A	E	B	F♯	C♯	G♯	D♯
5rd	E♭	B♭	F	C	G	D	A	E	B	F♯	C♯	G♯	D♯	A♯	E♯
6th	F♭	C♭	G♭	D♭	A♭	E♭	B♭	F	C	G	D	A	E	B	F♯
7th	G	D	A	E	B	F♯	C♯	G♯	D♯	A♯	E♯	B♯	F♯♯	C♯♯	G♯♯
Oct	A♭	E♭	B♭	F	C	G	D	A	E	B	F♯	C♯	G♯	D♯	A♯

Fifths and equivalents

All columns are equivalent pitches. Each cell is a perfect fifth above the cell to its left.

E♭♭♭♭

B♭♭♭♭

F♭♭♭

C♭♭♭

G♭♭♭

D♭♭♭

A♭♭♭

E♭♭♭

B♭♭♭

F♭♭

C♭♭

G♭♭

D♭♭

D♭♭

A♭♭

E♭♭

B♭♭

F♭

C♭

G♭

D♭

A♭

E♭

B♭

F

C

C

G

D

A

E

B

F♯

C♯

G♯

D♯

A♯

E♯

B♯

B♯

F♯♯

C♯♯

G♯♯

D♯♯

A♯♯

E♯♯

B♯♯

F♯♯♯

C♯♯♯

G♯♯♯

D♯♯♯

A♯♯♯

A♯♯♯

E♯♯♯

B♯♯♯

F♯♯♯♯

C♯♯♯♯

G♯♯♯♯

D♯♯♯♯

A♯♯♯♯

E♯♯♯♯

B♯♯♯♯

F♯♯♯♯♯

C♯♯♯♯♯

G♯♯♯♯♯

Rules and Guidelines

The 1.____ scale a perfect fifth 2.____ the current scale contains the same notes ♭ut the 3.___ in the current scale is 4.____ to ♭ecome the 5.____ of the new scale.

1	2	3	4	5
major	above	P4	sharped	M7
minor	above	M6	sharped	M2
major	below	M7	flattened	P4
minor	below	M2	flattened	m6

Equivalent Pitches for Scales Below/A♭ove ♭y Interval

Modulating from any major scale to a new major scale that is ___ interval above/below the original key has ___ same pitches and ♯/♭ per note:

Interval Above Root	Uni	m2	M2	m3	M3	P4	d5	P5	m6	M6	D7	M7
Interval Below Root	Uni	M7	D7	M6	m6	P5	d5	P4	M3	m3	M2	m2
Example Major Key vs C Major	C	C♯	D	D♯	E	F	F♯	G	G♯	A	A♯	B
Number of Common Pitches	7	2	5	4	3	6	2	6	3	4	5	2

Which means the most harmonic key changes are:

Common Notes	Diatonic Keys	Non-Diatonic Keys
6	P4, P5
5	M2	D7
4	M6	m3
3	M3	m6
2	M7	m2, d5

* Note: All intervals in above table are above the root note

Harmonic Minor

Key	E♭	B♭	F	C	G	D	A	E	B	F♯	C♯	G♯	D♯
Notes in common w/ Ahm	4	3	4	4	3	4	7	4	3	4	4	3	4

Interval Above Root	Uni	m2	M2	m3	M3	P4	d5	P5	m6	M6	D7	M7
Interval Below Root	Uni	M7	D7	M6	m6	P5	d5	P4	M3	m3	M2	m2
Example Harm Minor Key vs A Harm Minor	A	A♯	B	C	C♯	D	D♯	E	F	F♯	G	G♯
Number of Common Pitches	7	3	3	4	4	4	4	4	4	4	3	3

Common Notes	Diatonic Keys	Non-Diatonic Keys
4	m3, P4, P5, m6	M3, d5, M6
3	M2, M7	m2, m7

Harmony ♭etween Keys

From Major

To Major

Common Notes	Diatonic Keys	Non-Diatonic Keys	Example
6	P4, P5		C -> G
5	M2	m7	C -> D
4	M6	m3	C -> A
3	M3	m6	C -> E
2	M7	m2, d5	C -> B

To Minor

Common Notes	Diatonic Keys	Non-Diatonic Keys	Example
7	M6		C -> Am
6	M2, M3		C -> Dm
5	P5, M7		C -> Gm
4	U	d5	C -> Cm
3	P4	m2	C -> Fm
2		m6, m7, m3	C -> A♭m

To Harmonic Minor

Common Notes	Diatonic Keys	Non-Diatonic Keys	Example
6	M6		C -> Ahm
5	U, M2, M3		C -> Dhm
4	M7	d5, m7	C -> Bhm
3	P4, P5	m2, m3, m6	C -> Ghm

---

From Minor

to Minor

Common Notes	Diatonic Keys	Non-Diatonic Keys	Example
6	P4, P5		Am -> Em
5	M2, D7		Am -> Bm
4	m3	M6	Am -> Cm
3	m6	M3	Am -> Fm
2		m2, d5, M7	Am -> E♭m

to Major

Common Notes	Diatonic Keys	Non-Diatonic Keys	Example
7	m3		Am -> C
6	m7, m6		Am -> G
5	P4	m2	Am -> D
4	U	d5	Am -> A
3	P5	M7	Am -> E
2	M2	M3, M6	Am -> B

to Harmonic Minor

Common Notes	Diatonic Keys	Non-Diatonic Keys	Example
6	U		Am -> Ahm
5	P4, P5		Am -> Dhm
4	m3, M2	M6, m2	Am -> Chm
3	m6, m7	M3, d5, M7	Am -> Fhm

---

From Harmonic Minor

to Major

Common Notes	Diatonic Keys	Non-Diatonic Keys	Example
6	m3		Ahm -> C
5	m6	m7	Ahm -> F
4	U, M2	m2, d5	Ahm -> A
3	P4, P5, M7	M6, M3	Ahm -> D

to Minor

Common Notes	Diatonic Keys	Non-Diatonic Keys	Example
6	U		Ahm -> Am
5	P4, P5		Ahm -> Dm
4	m3	M6, m7, m2	Ahm -> Cm
3	m6, M2	M3, d5, m2	Ahm -> Fm

to Harmonic Minor

Common Notes	Diatonic Keys	Non-Diatonic Keys	Example
4	m3, P4, P5, m6	M3, d5, M6	Ahm -> Chm
3	M2, M7	m2, m7	Ahm -> Bhm

		Key 2 Type
Key 1 Type	Key 2 Root's relation to Key 1 Root	Major	Minor	Harmonic Minor
Major
	U	7	4	5
	m2	2	3	3
	M2	5	6	5
	m3	4	2	3
	M3	3	6	5
	P4	6	3	3
	tt	2	4	4
	P5	6	5	3
	m6	3	2	3
	M6	4	7	6
	m7	5	2	4
	M7	2	5	4
Minor
	U	4	7	6
	m2	5	2	4
	M2	2	5	4
	m3	7	4	5
	M3	2	3	3
	P4	5	6	5
	tt	4	2	3
	P5	3	6	5
	m6	6	3	3
	M6	2	4	4
	m7	6	5	3
	M7	3	2	3
Harmonic Minor
	U	4	6	7
	m2	4	3	3
	M2	4	3	3
	m3	6	4	4
	M3	3	3	4
	P4	3	5	4
	tt	4	3	4
	P5	3	5	4
	m6	5	3	4
	M6	3	4	4
	m7	5	4	3
	M7	3	3	3