Ref: Circle of Fifths

Tables of fifths w/ scales

Major - Cb to C#

Key	Cb	Gb	Db	Ab	Eb	Bb	F	C	G	D	A	E	B	F#	C#
Flats/Sharps	7 b's	6 b's	5 b's	4 b's	3 b's	2 b's	1 b's	0 b/#'s	1 #'s	2 #'s	3 #'s	4 #'s	5 #'s	6 #'s	7 #'s
Unison	Cb	Gb	Db	Ab	Eb	Bb	F	C	G	D	A	E	B	F#	C#
2nd	Db	Ab	Eb	Bb	F	C	G	D	A	E	B	F#	C#	G#	D#
3rd	Eb	Bb	F	C	G	D	A	E	B	F#	C#	G#	D#	A#	E#
4th	Fb	Cb	Gb	Db	Ab	Eb	Bb	F	C	G	D	A	E	B	F#
5th	Gb	Db	Ab	Eb	Bb	F	C	G	D	A	E	B	F#	C#	G#
6th	Ab	Eb	Bb	F	C	G	D	A	E	B	F#	C#	G#	D#	A#
7th	Bb	F	C	G	D	A	E	B	F#	C#	G#	D#	A#	E#	B#
Oct	Cb	Gb	Db	Ab	Eb	Bb	F	C	G	D	A	E	B	F#	C#

Notice the 4ths and 7ths - this is where the notes flatten/sharpen when shifting keys up/down a fifth (or down/up a fourth).

Natural Minor - Ab to A#

Key	Ab	Eb	Bb	F	C	G	D	A	E	B	F#	C#	G#	D#	A#
Flats/Sharps	7 b's	6 b's	5 b's	4 b's	3 b's	2 b's	1 b's	0 b/#'s	1 #'s	2 #'s	3 #'s	4 #'s	5 #'s	6 #'s	7 #'s
Uni	Ab	Eb	Bb	F	C	G	D	A	E	B	F#	C#	G#	D#	A#
2nd	Bb	F	C	G	D	A	E	B	F#	C#	G#	D#	A#	E#	B#
3rd	Cb	Gb	Db	Ab	Eb	Bb	F	C	G	D	A	E	B	F#	C#
4nd	Db	Ab	Eb	Bb	F	C	G	D	A	E	B	F#	C#	G#	D#
5rd	Eb	Bb	F	C	G	D	A	E	B	F#	C#	G#	D#	A#	E#
6th	Fb	Cb	Gb	Db	Ab	Eb	Bb	F	C	G	D	A	E	B	F#
7th	Gb	Db	Ab	Eb	Bb	F	C	G	D	A	E	B	F#	C#	G#
Oct	Ab	Eb	Bb	F	C	G	D	A	E	B	F#	C#	G#	D#	A#

Notice the 2nds and 6ths - this is where the notes flatten/sharpen when shifting keys up/down a fifth (or down/up a fourth).

Harmonic Minor - Ab to A#

Key	Ab	Eb	Bb	F	C	G	D	A	E	B	F#	C#	G#	D#	A#
Uni	Ab	Eb	Bb	F	C	G	D	A	E	B	F#	C#	G#	D#	A#
2nd	Bb	F	C	G	D	A	E	B	F#	C#	G#	D#	A#	E#	B#
3rd	Cb	Gb	Db	Ab	Eb	Bb	F	C	G	D	A	E	B	F#	C#
4nd	Db	Ab	Eb	Bb	F	C	G	D	A	E	B	F#	C#	G#	D#
5rd	Eb	Bb	F	C	G	D	A	E	B	F#	C#	G#	D#	A#	E#
6th	Fb	Cb	Gb	Db	Ab	Eb	Bb	F	C	G	D	A	E	B	F#
7th	G	D	A	E	B	F#	C#	G#	D#	A#	E#	B#	F##	C##	G##
Oct	Ab	Eb	Bb	F	C	G	D	A	E	B	F#	C#	G#	D#	A#

Fifths and equivalents

All columns are equivalent pitches. Each cell is a perfect fifth above the cell to its left.

Ebbbb

Bbbbb

Fbbb

Cbbb

Gbbb

Dbbb

Abbb

Ebbb

Bbbb

Fbb

Cbb

Gbb

Dbb

Dbb

Abb

Ebb

Bbb

Fb

Cb

Gb

Db

Ab

Eb

Bb

F

C

C

G

D

A

E

B

F#

C#

G#

D#

A#

E#

B#

B#

F##

C##

G##

D##

A##

E##

B##

F###

C###

G###

D###

A###

A###

E###

B###

F####

C####

G####

D####

A####

E####

B####

F#####

C#####

G#####

Rules and Guidelines

The 1.____ scale a perfect fifth 2.____ the current scale contains the same notes but the 3.___ in the current scale is 4.____ to become the 5.____ of the new scale.

1	2	3	4	5
major	above	P4	sharped	M7
minor	above	M6	sharped	M2
major	below	M7	flattened	P4
minor	below	M2	flattened	m6

Equivalent Pitches for Scales Below/Above by Interval

Modulating from any major scale to a new major scale that is ___ interval above/below the original key has ___ same pitches and #/b per note:

Interval Above Root	Uni	m2	M2	m3	M3	P4	d5	P5	m6	M6	D7	M7
Interval Below Root	Uni	M7	D7	M6	m6	P5	d5	P4	M3	m3	M2	m2
Example Major Key vs C Major	C	C#	D	D#	E	F	F#	G	G#	A	A#	B
Number of Common Pitches	7	2	5	4	3	6	2	6	3	4	5	2

Which means the most harmonic key changes are:

Common Notes	Diatonic Keys	Non-Diatonic Keys
6	P4, P5
5	M2	D7
4	M6	m3
3	M3	m6
2	M7	m2, d5

* Note: All intervals in above table are above the root note

Harmonic Minor

Key	Eb	Bb	F	C	G	D	A	E	B	F#	C#	G#	D#
Notes in common w/ A	4	3	4	4	3	4	7	4	3	4	4	3	4

Common Notes	Diatonic Keys	Non-Diatonic Keys
4	m3, P4, P5, m6	M3, d5, M6
3	M2, M7	m2, m7