Tapping

Tapping refers to using the picking hand to hammer-on notes, usually involving arpeggiating a chord using all legato techniques on a single string. It is generally used as a speed technique, as it can be used to cleanly play a rapid succession of notes. It was made popular by Eddie Van Halen and Randy Rhoads but is common for most lead players now.

--7--t14--

Tapping is indicated via a "t" in tab.

Technique

The technique for tapping is generally no different than hammer-ons and pull-offs, except that you use the right hand. I like to use my middle finger, which allows me to continue holding the pick and start plucking without having to adjust. Some people like to use their index finger, which means you need to release the pick (unless you use a thumb pick or some strange grip). You can hold the pick in your mouth, your palm, a sticky surface on your guitar, a nearby table-top, etc.

Just like hammer-ons and pull-offs, tapping is legato, and you want to mute unused strings. Normally we do that with the combination of the right palm on the thicker strings and draping left hand fingers over the thinner strings. Well, we still do that here, but the right hand palm may feel a bit awkward doing so since it is now near or over the fretboard and you have to use one of its fingers to hammer-on a note. They key is to use the finger muscles to get your finger to hammer-on the note, not your wrist. If you use your wrist you will bounce on the muted strings and cause them to make noise. Also, now you have to worry about pushing the strings down into the frets, so you need to make sure you regulate your palm's pressure. Use just enough to mute the strings and no more, and keep the pressure constant even as you tap and release notes.

Some people actually use the side of the pick to tap. I don't like this. It's a different sound than using a finger, so it can make the tapped note stand out a bit too much. Also, I find it's more difficult to use the right hand palm to mute - you can't simply use your finger muscles to perform the tap but must use the wrist. Finally, I found trying to use the pick would quickly put small notches into it; unless you completely turn it over before tapping, you are left with a crappy pick that has trouble sliding through the strings during a normal picking motion. But turning it over takes time in itself, which can interpret the flow of your playing.

--t12-p5-h8-t12-p5-h8-t12-p5-h8-t12-p5-h8-t12--

--t12-p8-p5-t12-p8-p5-t12-p8-p5-t12-p8-p5-t12--

These are the two most basic ways you'll see a tapping pattern - a simple arpeggio, with either ascending (first example) or descending (second example) notes. Practice on all strings.

The trick to getting excellent tapping is to start very slow. A lot of players try to go right into speed playing and develop bad habits that are hard to break. The key thing to remember is that the tapped note should have the same duration as other notes - the natural inclination is to tap the note and quickly release it, but you actually need to hold it. Start really slow, like 60 bpm, with 1 note per beat.

Also, you're usually going to pull-off the tapped note. Remember good pull-off technique - bend the note slightly before releasing so the next note has the same amount of energy.

Once you can play each note cleanly with equal duration and loudness, then start moving up the metronome and focusing on getting the technique up to speed.

Arpeggios

Here are some arpeggios for practicing tapping in tab format. We have root position, first inversion, and second inversion chords, with major and minor variations of each chord, with ascending and descending arpeggios for each variation.

Root Position

Major

--t12-p5-h9-t12-p5-h9-t12-p5-h9-t12-p5-h9-t12--

--t12-p9-p5-t12-p9-p5-t12-p9-p5-t12-p9-p5-t12--

Minor

--t12-p5-h8-t12-p5-h8-t12-p5-h8-t12-p5-h8-t12--

--t12-p8-p5-t12-p8-p5-t12-p8-p5-t12-p8-p5-t12--

1st Inversion

Major

--t12-p4-h7-t12-p4-h7-t12-p4-h7-t12-p4-h7-t12--

--t12-p7-p4-t12-p7-p4-t12-p7-p4-t12-p7-p4-t12--

Minor

--t12-p3-h7-t12-p3-h7-t12-p3-h7-t12-p3-h7-t12--

--t12-p7-p3-t12-p7-p3-t12-p7-p3-t12-p7-p3-t12--

2nd Inversion

Major

--t12-p3-h8-t12-p3-h8-t12-p3-h8-t12-p3-h8-t12--

--t12-p8-p3-t12-p8-p3-t12-p8-p3-t12-p8-p3-t12--

Minor

--t12-p4-h9-t12-p4-h9-t12-p4-h9-t12-p4-h9-t12--

--t12-p9-p4-t12-p9-p4-t12-p9-p4-t12-p9-p4-t12--

Advanced

--t12-p9-p5-t12-p5-p9-t12-p5-t12-p9-t12-p9-p5-t12-p5-h9-t12-p5-t12-p9-t12-

Trill

A trill is a quick succession of two notes alternating back and forth. Their timing is not really important, as long as they alternate back and forth very quickly.

   1    2    3    4
b--5tr6-----------8--

b--5h6p5h6p5h6p5--8--

A trill is marked in tab with the 'tr' seen above, indicating to alternate between the two notes as fast as possible until the next note or rest. In the above example, you would trill on the E and F notes from beat 1 through 3 but then play the G on beat 4. Note that the 'tr' method of marking trills is preferred to the second example which displays it as a series of hammer-on and pull-offs, which is more difficult to write and rhythmically confusing.

Typically, a trill is performed by using hammer-ons and pull-offs - the legato on the same string ensures the trill is clean without having to worry about a ringing string when alternating strings or synchronizing the left and right hands. The problem is that this limits your trills to 2nds or 3rds, since there is only so much distance your left hand can cover on one string.

Tapping alleviates the distance constraint while maintaining the cleanliness of the single string legato.

Tapping is also an excellent way to perform a trill if you want to change the notes of the trill, say each beat. See the two examples below

  1      2      3      4
--t12tr5-t12tr6-t12tr8-t12tr10-

Here the tapped note is constant while the lower note moves upwards. We can put our left hand in 5th position and use the index, middle, and pinky fingers to hold the 5, 6, and 8 frets. For beat 4, we simply slide up with our pinky held on the fret, sliding from fret 8 to 10 and continuing the trill.

  1      2      3      4
--t12tr5-t14tr5-t16tr5-t17tr5--

Here the low note is held constant while the tapped note ascends. We just move our right hand up the fretboard each beat.

  1      2      3      4
--t17tr5-t16tr6-t14tr8-t12tr10--

Here's a series of trills where both notes change each beat. The low and high notes seem to converge.

Homework

Learn the tapping parts to the solos in the following songs:

• Van Halen - Eruption
• Joe Satriani - Satch Boogie
• Metallica - One
• Ozzy Osbourne - Crazy Train (beginning of solo + trills)