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→Tuners
Most tuners only tell you how close you are to a target note (A, B, C, etc), not what octave that note is (A<sub>2</sub>, C<sub>3</sub>, etc). You should be able to tell if you are a whole octave off, however. If you are an octave below, the string should have very little tension and may not resonate at all. If it does resonate, it will likely flap against the frets. If you are an octave above, the string will be extremely tense, to the point where it will be near breaking. It's always safer to go lower than higher. So if your target note is E but the note on your tuner is A, and you are unsure if you need to raise or lower the frequency, try lowering it down to E first. If the string is now way too loose, you went the wrong way. no harm done, just tune it up to the next highest E.
While not a pitch-detecting device, '''pitch pipes''' are also a common tool used to help tune the guitar. A pitch pipe is generally any kind of pipe or harmonica-like instrument that creates a single, fixed pitch. For guitar-tuning purposes, specialized pitch pipes that have 6 pipes combined into onein a single casing, tuned to each of the notes of a standard guitar tuning. You blow on a pipe and tune the corresponding string by ear, which is described below.
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