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In this caseUnlike the common chord examples, both E and A are common tones we move directly between chords that are carried over, although E not diatonic to both keys - C Major does not contain the Am A chord , and vice versa for C E Major and lacks the A C chord. Yet the common E note between them bridges the gap particularly well, without creating a stark contrast between keys.
→Common Tone
=== Common Tone ===
A note common to the source and destination key is sustained during the transition. For example, a C -> E modulation could sustain the A E in the vi I chord of C (Am) while moving to the IV chord of E (A), which also contains AE.
C Am F G C C A B7 E C: I vi IV V I I E: IV V7 I E--0----1----3----0----0----0-----2-----0-- B--1----1----3----1---(x)---2-----0-----0-- G--0----2-2---0----0-2--(x)---2----2----1-- D--2----3----0----2---(x)---2-----1-----2-- A--3----3----2----3-0--(x)---0-----2-----2-- E-------1----3------------------------0--
While this example has somewhat-related keys, this modulation method can link virtually any two keys, as it's basically guaranteed that any two keys will share at least one common note.