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→Harmonic Theory: Dominant Chord
The 5th of the V chord is the 9th or 2nd of the scale, which isn't in the I chord. For a G chord, this is the D note. It can descend one whole-step to the root note of the I chord (C) for a very peaceful resolution or ascend one whole-step to the major 3rd of the I chord (E) for a richer harmony.
This makes the V chord ideal to lead into the I chord. This is called an [[Music_Theory_-_Diatonic_Chord_Progressions#Authentic_Cadence|authentic cadence]], which the harmonic equivalent of the leading tone to tonic note melody. It is the strongest way to establish tonality.
The V chord is also called the '''''Dominant chord'''''.