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Difference between revisions of "Ref: Circle of Fifths"

m (→‎Tables of fifths w/ scales)
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== Tables of fifths w/ scales ==
 
== Tables of fifths w/ scales ==
−
===Major - Cb to C#===
+
===Major - C{{f}} to C{{s}}===
 
{| class="wikitable"
 
{| class="wikitable"
 
|-
 
|-
−
! Key !!Cb !! Gb !! Db !! Ab !! Eb !! Bb !! F !! C !! G !! D !! A !! E !! B !! F# !! C#
+
! Key !!C{{f}} !! G{{f}} !! D{{f}} !! A{{f}} !! E{{f}} !! B{{f}} !! F !! C !! G !! D !! A !! E !! B !! F{{s}} !! C{{s}}
 
|-
 
|-
−
| Flats/<br>Sharps||7 b's||6 b's || 5 b's || 4 b's || 3 b's || 2 b's || 1 b's || 0 b/#'s || 1 #'s || 2 #'s || 3 #'s || 4 #'s || 5 #'s || 6 #'s || 7 #'s
+
| Flats/<{{f}}r>Sharps||7 {{f}}'s||6 {{f}}'s || 5 {{f}}'s || 4 {{f}}'s || 3 {{f}}'s || 2 {{f}}'s || 1 {{f}}'s || 0 {{f}}/{{s}}'s || 1 {{s}}'s || 2 {{s}}'s || 3 {{s}}'s || 4 {{s}}'s || 5 {{s}}'s || 6 {{s}}'s || 7 {{s}}'s
 
|-
 
|-
−
! Uni ||Cb || Gb || Db || Ab || Eb || Bb || F || C || G || D || A || E || B || F# || C#
+
! Uni ||C{{f}} || G{{f}} || D{{f}} || A{{f}} || E{{f}} || B{{f}} || F || C || G || D || A || E || B || F{{s}} || C{{s}}
 
|-
 
|-
−
| 2nd ||Db || Ab|| Eb || Bb || F || C || G || D || A || E|| B || F#|| C# || G# || D#
+
| 2nd ||D{{f}} || A{{f}}|| E{{f}} || B{{f}} || F || C || G || D || A || E|| B || F{{s}}|| C{{s}} || G{{s}} || D{{s}}
 
|-
 
|-
−
| 3rd ||Eb || Bb || F || C || G || D || A || E || B || F# || C# || G#|| D# || A# || E#
+
| 3rd ||E{{f}} || B{{f}} || F || C || G || D || A || E || B || F{{s}} || C{{s}} || G{{s}}|| D{{s}} || A{{s}} || E{{s}}
 
|-
 
|-
−
! 4th ||Fb || Cb || Gb || Db || Ab || Eb || Bb || F || C || G || D || A|| E || B || F#
+
! 4th ||F{{f}} || C{{f}} || G{{f}} || D{{f}} || A{{f}} || E{{f}} || B{{f}} || F || C || G || D || A|| E || B || F{{s}}
 
|-
 
|-
−
| 5th ||Gb || Db || Ab || Eb || Bb || F || C || G || D || A || E|| B|| F# || C# || G#
+
| 5th ||G{{f}} || D{{f}} || A{{f}} || E{{f}} || B{{f}} || F || C || G || D || A || E|| B|| F{{s}} || C{{s}} || G{{s}}
 
|-
 
|-
−
| 6th ||Ab || Eb || Bb || F || C || G || D || A || E || B || F#|| C#|| G# || D# || A#
+
| 6th ||A{{f}} || E{{f}} || B{{f}} || F || C || G || D || A || E || B || F{{s}}|| C{{s}}|| G{{s}} || D{{s}} || A{{s}}
 
|-
 
|-
−
! 7th ||Bb || F || C || G || D || A || E || B || F# || C# || G#|| D#|| A# || E# || B#
+
! 7th ||B{{f}} || F || C || G || D || A || E || B || F{{s}} || C{{s}} || G{{s}}|| D{{s}}|| A{{s}} || E{{s}} || B{{s}}
 
|-
 
|-
−
| Oct ||Cb || Gb || Db || Ab || Eb || Bb || F || C || G || D || A|| E|| B || F# || C#
+
| Oct ||C{{f}} || G{{f}} || D{{f}} || A{{f}} || E{{f}} || B{{f}} || F || C || G || D || A|| E|| B || F{{s}} || C{{s}}
 
|}
 
|}
 
Notice the 4ths and 7ths - this is where the notes flatten/sharpen when shifting keys up/down a fifth (or down/up a fourth).
 
Notice the 4ths and 7ths - this is where the notes flatten/sharpen when shifting keys up/down a fifth (or down/up a fourth).
  
−
===Natural Minor - Ab to A#===
+
===Natural Minor - A{{f}} to A{{s}}===
 
{| class="wikitable"
 
{| class="wikitable"
 
|-
 
|-
−
! Key !!Ab !! Eb !! Bb !! F !! C !! G !! D !! A !! E !! B !! F# !! C# !! G# !! D# !! A#
+
! Key !!A{{f}} !! E{{f}} !! B{{f}} !! F !! C !! G !! D !! A !! E !! B !! F{{s}} !! C{{s}} !! G{{s}} !! D{{s}} !! A{{s}}
 
|-
 
|-
−
| Flats/<br>Sharps||7 b's||6 b's || 5 b's || 4 b's || 3 b's || 2 b's || 1 b's || 0 b/#'s || 1 #'s || 2 #'s || 3 #'s || 4 #'s || 5 #'s || 6 #'s || 7 #'s
+
| Flats/<{{f}}r>Sharps||7 {{f}}'s||6 {{f}}'s || 5 {{f}}'s || 4 {{f}}'s || 3 {{f}}'s || 2 {{f}}'s || 1 {{f}}'s || 0 {{f}}/{{s}}'s || 1 {{s}}'s || 2 {{s}}'s || 3 {{s}}'s || 4 {{s}}'s || 5 {{s}}'s || 6 {{s}}'s || 7 {{s}}'s
 
|-
 
|-
−
| Uni ||Ab || Eb || Bb || F || C || G || D || A || E || B || F#|| C#|| G# || D# || A#
+
| Uni ||A{{f}} || E{{f}} || B{{f}} || F || C || G || D || A || E || B || F{{s}}|| C{{s}}|| G{{s}} || D{{s}} || A{{s}}
 
|-
 
|-
−
! 2nd ||Bb || F || C || G || D || A || E || B || F# || C# || G#|| D#|| A# || E# || B#
+
! 2nd ||B{{f}} || F || C || G || D || A || E || B || F{{s}} || C{{s}} || G{{s}}|| D{{s}}|| A{{s}} || E{{s}} || B{{s}}
 
|-
 
|-
−
| 3rd ||Cb || Gb || Db || Ab || Eb || Bb || F || C || G || D || A|| E|| B || F# || C#
+
| 3rd ||C{{f}} || G{{f}} || D{{f}} || A{{f}} || E{{f}} || B{{f}} || F || C || G || D || A|| E|| B || F{{s}} || C{{s}}
 
|-
 
|-
−
| 4nd ||Db || Ab|| Eb || Bb || F || C || G || D || A || E|| B || F#|| C# || G# || D#
+
| 4nd ||D{{f}} || A{{f}}|| E{{f}} || B{{f}} || F || C || G || D || A || E|| B || F{{s}}|| C{{s}} || G{{s}} || D{{s}}
 
|-
 
|-
−
| 5rd ||Eb || Bb || F || C || G || D || A || E || B || F# || C# || G#|| D# || A# || E#
+
| 5rd ||E{{f}} || B{{f}} || F || C || G || D || A || E || B || F{{s}} || C{{s}} || G{{s}}|| D{{s}} || A{{s}} || E{{s}}
 
|-
 
|-
−
! 6th ||Fb || Cb || Gb || Db || Ab || Eb || Bb || F || C || G || D || A|| E || B || F#
+
! 6th ||F{{f}} || C{{f}} || G{{f}} || D{{f}} || A{{f}} || E{{f}} || B{{f}} || F || C || G || D || A|| E || B || F{{s}}
 
|-
 
|-
−
| 7th ||Gb || Db || Ab || Eb || Bb || F || C || G || D || A || E|| B|| F# || C# || G#
+
| 7th ||G{{f}} || D{{f}} || A{{f}} || E{{f}} || B{{f}} || F || C || G || D || A || E|| B|| F{{s}} || C{{s}} || G{{s}}
 
|-
 
|-
−
| Oct ||Ab || Eb || Bb || F || C || G || D || A || E || B || F#|| C#|| G# || D# || A#
+
| Oct ||A{{f}} || E{{f}} || B{{f}} || F || C || G || D || A || E || B || F{{s}}|| C{{s}}|| G{{s}} || D{{s}} || A{{s}}
 
|}
 
|}
  
 
Notice the 2nds and 6ths - this is where the notes flatten/sharpen when shifting keys up/down a fifth (or down/up a fourth).
 
Notice the 2nds and 6ths - this is where the notes flatten/sharpen when shifting keys up/down a fifth (or down/up a fourth).
  
−
===Harmonic Minor - Ab to A#===
+
===Harmonic Minor - A{{f}} to A{{s}}===
 
{| class="wikitable"
 
{| class="wikitable"
 
|-
 
|-
−
! Key !!Ab !! Eb !! Bb !! F !! C !! G !! D !! A !! E !! B !! F# !! C# !! G# !! D# !! A#
+
! Key !!A{{f}} !! E{{f}} !! B{{f}} !! F !! C !! G !! D !! A !! E !! B !! F{{s}} !! C{{s}} !! G{{s}} !! D{{s}} !! A{{s}}
 
|-
 
|-
−
| Uni ||Ab || Eb || Bb || F || C || G || D || A || E || B || F#|| C#|| G# || D# || A#
+
| Uni ||A{{f}} || E{{f}} || B{{f}} || F || C || G || D || A || E || B || F{{s}}|| C{{s}}|| G{{s}} || D{{s}} || A{{s}}
 
|-
 
|-
−
! 2nd ||Bb || F || C || G || D || A || E || B || F# || C# || G#|| D#|| A# || E# || B#
+
! 2nd ||B{{f}} || F || C || G || D || A || E || B || F{{s}} || C{{s}} || G{{s}}|| D{{s}}|| A{{s}} || E{{s}} || B{{s}}
 
|-
 
|-
−
! 3rd ||Cb || Gb || Db || Ab || Eb || Bb || F || C || G || D || A|| E|| B || F# || C#
+
! 3rd ||C{{f}} || G{{f}} || D{{f}} || A{{f}} || E{{f}} || B{{f}} || F || C || G || D || A|| E|| B || F{{s}} || C{{s}}
 
|-
 
|-
−
| 4nd ||Db || Ab|| Eb || Bb || F || C || G || D || A || E|| B || F#|| C# || G# || D#
+
| 4nd ||D{{f}} || A{{f}}|| E{{f}} || B{{f}} || F || C || G || D || A || E|| B || F{{s}}|| C{{s}} || G{{s}} || D{{s}}
 
|-
 
|-
−
| 5rd ||Eb || Bb || F || C || G || D || A || E || B || F# || C# || G#|| D# || A# || E#
+
| 5rd ||E{{f}} || B{{f}} || F || C || G || D || A || E || B || F{{s}} || C{{s}} || G{{s}}|| D{{s}} || A{{s}} || E{{s}}
 
|-
 
|-
−
! 6th ||Fb || Cb || Gb || Db || Ab || Eb || Bb || F || C || G || D || A|| E || B || F#
+
! 6th ||F{{f}} || C{{f}} || G{{f}} || D{{f}} || A{{f}} || E{{f}} || B{{f}} || F || C || G || D || A|| E || B || F{{s}}
 
|-
 
|-
−
! 7th ||G  || D  || A  || E  || B  || F# || C# || G# || D# || A# || E#|| B#|| F## || C## || G##
+
! 7th ||G  || D  || A  || E  || B  || F{{s}} || C{{s}} || G{{s}} || D{{s}} || A{{s}} || E{{s}}|| B{{s}}|| F{{s}}{{s}} || C{{s}}{{s}} || G{{s}}{{s}}
 
|-
 
|-
−
| Oct ||Ab || Eb || Bb || F || C || G || D || A || E || B || F#|| C#|| G# || D# || A#
+
| Oct ||A{{f}} || E{{f}} || B{{f}} || F || C || G || D || A || E || B || F{{s}}|| C{{s}}|| G{{s}} || D{{s}} || A{{s}}
 
|}
 
|}
  
 
== Fifths and equivalents ==
 
== Fifths and equivalents ==
−
All columns are equivalent pitches.  Each cell is a perfect fifth above the cell to its left.
+
All columns are equivalent pitches.  Each cell is a perfect fifth a{{f}}ove the cell to its left.
 
{| class="wikitable"
 
{| class="wikitable"
 
|-
 
|-
−
| Ebbbb || Bbbbb || Fbbb || Cbbb || Gbbb || Dbbb || Abbb || Ebbb || Bbbb || Fbb || Cbb || Gbb || Dbb
+
| E{{f}}{{f}}{{f}}{{f}} || B{{f}}{{f}}{{f}}{{f}} || F{{f}}{{f}}{{f}} || C{{f}}{{f}}{{f}} || G{{f}}{{f}}{{f}} || D{{f}}{{f}}{{f}} || A{{f}}{{f}}{{f}} || E{{f}}{{f}}{{f}} || B{{f}}{{f}}{{f}} || F{{f}}{{f}} || C{{f}}{{f}} || G{{f}}{{f}} || D{{f}}{{f}}
 
|-
 
|-
−
| Dbb || Abb || Ebb || Bbb || Fb || Cb || Gb || Db || Ab || Eb || Bb || F || C
+
| D{{f}}{{f}} || A{{f}}{{f}} || E{{f}}{{f}} || B{{f}}{{f}} || F{{f}} || C{{f}} || G{{f}} || D{{f}} || A{{f}} || E{{f}} || B{{f}} || F || C
 
|-
 
|-
−
| C || G || D || A || E || B || F# || C# || G# || D# || A# || E# || B#
+
| C || G || D || A || E || B || F{{s}} || C{{s}} || G{{s}} || D{{s}} || A{{s}} || E{{s}} || B{{s}}
 
|-
 
|-
−
| B# || F## || C## || G## || D## || A## || E## || B## || F### || C### || G### || D### || A###
+
| B{{s}} || F{{s}}{{s}} || C{{s}}{{s}} || G{{s}}{{s}} || D{{s}}{{s}} || A{{s}}{{s}} || E{{s}}{{s}} || B{{s}}{{s}} || F{{s}}{{s}}{{s}} || C{{s}}{{s}}{{s}} || G{{s}}{{s}}{{s}} || D{{s}}{{s}}{{s}} || A{{s}}{{s}}{{s}}
 
|-
 
|-
−
| A### || E### || B### || F#### || C#### || G#### || D#### || A#### || E#### || B#### || F##### || C##### || G#####
+
| A{{s}}{{s}}{{s}} || E{{s}}{{s}}{{s}} || B{{s}}{{s}}{{s}} || F{{s}}{{s}}{{s}}{{s}} || C{{s}}{{s}}{{s}}{{s}} || G{{s}}{{s}}{{s}}{{s}} || D{{s}}{{s}}{{s}}{{s}} || A{{s}}{{s}}{{s}}{{s}} || E{{s}}{{s}}{{s}}{{s}} || B{{s}}{{s}}{{s}}{{s}} || F{{s}}{{s}}{{s}}{{s}}{{s}} || C{{s}}{{s}}{{s}}{{s}}{{s}} || G{{s}}{{s}}{{s}}{{s}}{{s}}
  
 
|}
 
|}
  
 
== Rules and Guidelines ==
 
== Rules and Guidelines ==
−
The 1.____ scale a perfect fifth 2.____ the current scale contains the same notes but the 3.___ in the current scale is 4.____ to become the 5.____ of the new scale.
+
The 1.____ scale a perfect fifth 2.____ the current scale contains the same notes {{f}}ut the 3.___ in the current scale is 4.____ to {{f}}ecome the 5.____ of the new scale.
  
 
{| class = "wikitable"
 
{| class = "wikitable"
Line 96: Line 96:
 
! 1 !! 2 !! 3 !! 4 !! 5
 
! 1 !! 2 !! 3 !! 4 !! 5
 
|-
 
|-
−
| major || above || P4 || sharped || M7
+
| major || a{{f}}ove || P4 || sharped || M7
 
|-
 
|-
−
| minor || above || M6 || sharped || M2
+
| minor || a{{f}}ove || M6 || sharped || M2
 
|-
 
|-
−
| major || below || M7 || flattened || P4
+
| major || {{f}}elow || M7 || flattened || P4
 
|-
 
|-
−
| minor || below || M2 || flattened || m6
+
| minor || {{f}}elow || M2 || flattened || m6
 
|}
 
|}
  
−
== Equivalent Pitches for Scales Below/Above by Interval ==
+
== Equivalent Pitches for Scales Below/A{{f}}ove {{f}}y Interval ==
−
Modulating from any major scale to a new major scale that is ___ interval above/below the original key has ___ same pitches and #/b per note:
+
Modulating from any major scale to a new major scale that is ___ interval a{{f}}ove/{{f}}elow the original key has ___ same pitches and {{s}}/{{f}} per note:
 
{| class="wikitable"
 
{| class="wikitable"
 
|-  
 
|-  
−
! Interval Above Root  
+
! Interval A{{f}}ove Root  
 
|  Uni || m2 || M2 || m3 || M3 || P4 || d5 || P5 || m6 || M6 || D7 || M7
 
|  Uni || m2 || M2 || m3 || M3 || P4 || d5 || P5 || m6 || M6 || D7 || M7
 
|-
 
|-
Line 116: Line 116:
 
|-  
 
|-  
 
!Example Major Key vs C Major
 
!Example Major Key vs C Major
−
| C || C# || D || D# || E || F || F# || G || G# || A || A# || B  
+
| C || C{{s}} || D || D{{s}} || E || F || F{{s}} || G || G{{s}} || A || A{{s}} || B  
 
|-  
 
|-  
−
!Number of Common Pitches  
+
!Num{{f}}er of Common Pitches  
 
| 7 || 2 || 5 || 4 || 3 || 6 || 2 || 6 || 3 || 4 || 5 || 2
 
| 7 || 2 || 5 || 4 || 3 || 6 || 2 || 6 || 3 || 4 || 5 || 2
 
|}
 
|}
Line 138: Line 138:
 
|2 || M7 || m2, d5
 
|2 || M7 || m2, d5
 
|}
 
|}
−
<nowiki>*</nowiki> Note: All intervals in above table are ''above'' the root note
+
<nowiki>*</nowiki> Note: All intervals in a{{f}}ove ta{{f}}le are ''a{{f}}ove'' the root note
  
 
=== Harmonic Minor ===
 
=== Harmonic Minor ===
 
{| class = "wikitable"
 
{| class = "wikitable"
 
|-
 
|-
−
! Key !! Eb !! Bb !! F !! C !! G !! D !! A !! E !! B !! F# !! C# !! G# !! D#
+
! Key !! E{{f}} !! B{{f}} !! F !! C !! G !! D !! A !! E !! B !! F{{s}} !! C{{s}} !! G{{s}} !! D{{s}}
 
|-
 
|-
−
! Notes in<br />common w/ Ahm
+
! Notes in<{{f}}r />common w/ Ahm
 
| 4 || 3 || 4 || 4 || 3 || 4 || 7 || 4 || 3 || 4 || 4 || 3 || 4
 
| 4 || 3 || 4 || 4 || 3 || 4 || 7 || 4 || 3 || 4 || 4 || 3 || 4
 
|}
 
|}
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{| class="wikitable"
 
{| class="wikitable"
 
|-  
 
|-  
−
! Interval Above Root  
+
! Interval A{{f}}ove Root  
 
|  Uni || m2 || M2 || m3 || M3 || P4 || d5 || P5 || m6 || M6 || D7 || M7
 
|  Uni || m2 || M2 || m3 || M3 || P4 || d5 || P5 || m6 || M6 || D7 || M7
 
|-
 
|-
Line 158: Line 158:
 
|-  
 
|-  
 
!Example Harm Minor Key vs A Harm Minor
 
!Example Harm Minor Key vs A Harm Minor
−
|  A || A# || B || C || C# || D || D# || E || F || F# || G || G#
+
|  A || A{{s}} || B || C || C{{s}} || D || D{{s}} || E || F || F{{s}} || G || G{{s}}
 
|-  
 
|-  
−
!Number of Common Pitches  
+
!Num{{f}}er of Common Pitches  
 
| 7 || 3 || 3 || 4 || 4 || 4 || 4 || 4 || 4 || 4 || 3 || 3
 
| 7 || 3 || 3 || 4 || 4 || 4 || 4 || 4 || 4 || 4 || 3 || 3
 
|}
 
|}
Line 173: Line 173:
 
|}
 
|}
  
−
== Harmony between Keys ==
+
== Harmony {{f}}etween Keys ==
 
=== From Major ===
 
=== From Major ===
 
===== To Major =====
 
===== To Major =====
Line 217: Line 217:
 
|-
 
|-
 
!2  
 
!2  
−
|  || m6, m7, m3 || C -> Abm
+
|  || m6, m7, m3 || C -> A{{f}}m
 
|}
 
|}
  
Line 259: Line 259:
 
|-
 
|-
 
!2  
 
!2  
−
| || m2, d5, M7 || Am -> Ebm
+
| || m2, d5, M7 || Am -> E{{f}}m
 
|}
 
|}
  

Revision as of 15:03, 8 June 2014

Tables of fifths w/ scales

Major - C♭ to C♯

Key C♭ G♭ D♭ A♭ E♭ B♭ F C G D A E B F♯ C♯
Flats/<♭r>Sharps 7 ♭'s 6 ♭'s 5 ♭'s 4 ♭'s 3 ♭'s 2 ♭'s 1 ♭'s 0 ♭/♯'s 1 ♯'s 2 ♯'s 3 ♯'s 4 ♯'s 5 ♯'s 6 ♯'s 7 ♯'s
Uni C♭ G♭ D♭ A♭ E♭ B♭ F C G D A E B F♯ C♯
2nd D♭ A♭ E♭ B♭ F C G D A E B F♯ C♯ G♯ D♯
3rd E♭ B♭ F C G D A E B F♯ C♯ G♯ D♯ A♯ E♯
4th F♭ C♭ G♭ D♭ A♭ E♭ B♭ F C G D A E B F♯
5th G♭ D♭ A♭ E♭ B♭ F C G D A E B F♯ C♯ G♯
6th A♭ E♭ B♭ F C G D A E B F♯ C♯ G♯ D♯ A♯
7th B♭ F C G D A E B F♯ C♯ G♯ D♯ A♯ E♯ B♯
Oct C♭ G♭ D♭ A♭ E♭ B♭ F C G D A E B F♯ C♯

Notice the 4ths and 7ths - this is where the notes flatten/sharpen when shifting keys up/down a fifth (or down/up a fourth).

Natural Minor - A♭ to A♯

Key A♭ E♭ B♭ F C G D A E B F♯ C♯ G♯ D♯ A♯
Flats/<♭r>Sharps 7 ♭'s 6 ♭'s 5 ♭'s 4 ♭'s 3 ♭'s 2 ♭'s 1 ♭'s 0 ♭/♯'s 1 ♯'s 2 ♯'s 3 ♯'s 4 ♯'s 5 ♯'s 6 ♯'s 7 ♯'s
Uni A♭ E♭ B♭ F C G D A E B F♯ C♯ G♯ D♯ A♯
2nd B♭ F C G D A E B F♯ C♯ G♯ D♯ A♯ E♯ B♯
3rd C♭ G♭ D♭ A♭ E♭ B♭ F C G D A E B F♯ C♯
4nd D♭ A♭ E♭ B♭ F C G D A E B F♯ C♯ G♯ D♯
5rd E♭ B♭ F C G D A E B F♯ C♯ G♯ D♯ A♯ E♯
6th F♭ C♭ G♭ D♭ A♭ E♭ B♭ F C G D A E B F♯
7th G♭ D♭ A♭ E♭ B♭ F C G D A E B F♯ C♯ G♯
Oct A♭ E♭ B♭ F C G D A E B F♯ C♯ G♯ D♯ A♯

Notice the 2nds and 6ths - this is where the notes flatten/sharpen when shifting keys up/down a fifth (or down/up a fourth).

Harmonic Minor - A♭ to A♯

Key A♭ E♭ B♭ F C G D A E B F♯ C♯ G♯ D♯ A♯
Uni A♭ E♭ B♭ F C G D A E B F♯ C♯ G♯ D♯ A♯
2nd B♭ F C G D A E B F♯ C♯ G♯ D♯ A♯ E♯ B♯
3rd C♭ G♭ D♭ A♭ E♭ B♭ F C G D A E B F♯ C♯
4nd D♭ A♭ E♭ B♭ F C G D A E B F♯ C♯ G♯ D♯
5rd E♭ B♭ F C G D A E B F♯ C♯ G♯ D♯ A♯ E♯
6th F♭ C♭ G♭ D♭ A♭ E♭ B♭ F C G D A E B F♯
7th G D A E B F♯ C♯ G♯ D♯ A♯ E♯ B♯ F♯♯ C♯♯ G♯♯
Oct A♭ E♭ B♭ F C G D A E B F♯ C♯ G♯ D♯ A♯

Fifths and equivalents

All columns are equivalent pitches. Each cell is a perfect fifth a♭ove the cell to its left.

E♭♭♭♭ B♭♭♭♭ F♭♭♭ C♭♭♭ G♭♭♭ D♭♭♭ A♭♭♭ E♭♭♭ B♭♭♭ F♭♭ C♭♭ G♭♭ D♭♭
D♭♭ A♭♭ E♭♭ B♭♭ F♭ C♭ G♭ D♭ A♭ E♭ B♭ F C
C G D A E B F♯ C♯ G♯ D♯ A♯ E♯ B♯
B♯ F♯♯ C♯♯ G♯♯ D♯♯ A♯♯ E♯♯ B♯♯ F♯♯♯ C♯♯♯ G♯♯♯ D♯♯♯ A♯♯♯
A♯♯♯ E♯♯♯ B♯♯♯ F♯♯♯♯ C♯♯♯♯ G♯♯♯♯ D♯♯♯♯ A♯♯♯♯ E♯♯♯♯ B♯♯♯♯ F♯♯♯♯♯ C♯♯♯♯♯ G♯♯♯♯♯

Rules and Guidelines

The 1.____ scale a perfect fifth 2.____ the current scale contains the same notes ♭ut the 3.___ in the current scale is 4.____ to ♭ecome the 5.____ of the new scale.

1 2 3 4 5
major a♭ove P4 sharped M7
minor a♭ove M6 sharped M2
major ♭elow M7 flattened P4
minor ♭elow M2 flattened m6

Equivalent Pitches for Scales Below/A♭ove ♭y Interval

Modulating from any major scale to a new major scale that is ___ interval a♭ove/♭elow the original key has ___ same pitches and ♯/♭ per note:

Interval A♭ove Root Uni m2 M2 m3 M3 P4 d5 P5 m6 M6 D7 M7
Interval Below Root Uni M7 D7 M6 m6 P5 d5 P4 M3 m3 M2 m2
Example Major Key vs C Major C C♯ D D♯ E F F♯ G G♯ A A♯ B
Num♭er of Common Pitches 7 2 5 4 3 6 2 6 3 4 5 2


Which means the most harmonic key changes are:

Common Notes Diatonic Keys Non-Diatonic Keys
6 P4, P5
5 M2 D7
4 M6 m3
3 M3 m6
2 M7 m2, d5

* Note: All intervals in a♭ove ta♭le are a♭ove the root note

Harmonic Minor

Key E♭ B♭ F C G D A E B F♯ C♯ G♯ D♯
Notes in<♭r />common w/ Ahm 4 3 4 4 3 4 7 4 3 4 4 3 4
Interval A♭ove Root Uni m2 M2 m3 M3 P4 d5 P5 m6 M6 D7 M7
Interval Below Root Uni M7 D7 M6 m6 P5 d5 P4 M3 m3 M2 m2
Example Harm Minor Key vs A Harm Minor A A♯ B C C♯ D D♯ E F F♯ G G♯
Num♭er of Common Pitches 7 3 3 4 4 4 4 4 4 4 3 3
Common Notes Diatonic Keys Non-Diatonic Keys
4 m3, P4, P5, m6 M3, d5, M6
3 M2, M7 m2, m7

Harmony ♭etween Keys

From Major

To Major
Common Notes Diatonic Keys Non-Diatonic Keys Example
6 P4, P5 C -> G
5 M2 D7 C -> D
4 M6 m3 C -> A
3 M3 m6 C -> E
2 M7 m2, d5 C -> B
To Minor
Common Notes Diatonic Keys Non-Diatonic Keys Example
7 M6 C -> Am
6 M2, M3 C -> Dm
5 P5, M7 C -> Gm
4 U d5 C -> Cm
3 P4 m2 C -> Fm
2 m6, m7, m3 C -> A♭m
To Harmonic Minor
Common Notes Diatonic Keys Non-Diatonic Keys Example
6 M6 C -> Ahm
5 M2, M3 C -> Dhm
4 U, M7 d5, m7 C -> Chm
3 P4, P5 m2, m3, m6 C -> Ghm

From Minor

to Minor
Common Notes Diatonic Keys Non-Diatonic Keys Example
6 P4, P5 Am -> Em
5 M2, D7 Am -> Bm
4 m3 M6 Am -> Cm
3 m6 M3 Am -> Fm
2 m2, d5, M7 Am -> E♭m
to Major
Common Notes Diatonic Keys Non-Diatonic Keys Example
7 m3 Am -> C
6 m7, m6 Am -> G
5 P4 m2 Am -> D
4 U d5 Am -> A
3 P5 M7 Am -> E
2 M2 M3, M6 Am -> B
to Harmonic Minor
Common Notes Diatonic Keys Non-Diatonic Keys Example
6 U Am -> Ahm
5 P4, P5 Am -> Dhm
4 m3, M2 M6, m2 Am -> Chm
3 m6, m7 M3, d5, M7 Am -> Fhm

From Harmonic Minor

to Major
Common Notes Diatonic Keys Non-Diatonic Keys Example
6 m3 Ahm -> C
5 m6 m7 Ahm -> F
4 U, M2 m2, d5 Ahm -> A
3 P4, P5, M7 M6, M3 Ahm -> D
to Minor
Common Notes Diatonic Keys Non-Diatonic Keys Example
6 U Ahm -> Am
5 P4, P5 Ahm -> Dm
4 m3 M6, m7, m2 Ahm -> Cm
3 m6, M2 M3, d5, m2 Ahm -> Fm
to Harmonic Minor
Common Notes Diatonic Keys Non-Diatonic Keys Example
4 m3, P4, P5, m6 M3, d5, M6 Ahm -> Chm
3 M2, M7 m2, m7 Ahm -> Bhm
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