Difference between revisions of "Ref: Circle of Fifths"
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So assuming C is "12 o'Clock", our circle of fifths looks like this: | So assuming C is "12 o'Clock", our circle of fifths looks like this: | ||
| + | {| | ||
| + | |- | ||
| + | | | ||
{| | {| | ||
| || F || C || G || | | || F || C || G || | ||
|- | |- | ||
| − | | B{{ | + | | B{{b}} || || || || D |
|- | |- | ||
| − | | E{{ | + | | E{{b}} || || || || A |
|- | |- | ||
| − | | A{{ | + | | A{{b}} || || || || E |
|- | |- | ||
| − | | || D{{ | + | | || D{{b}} || G{{b}} || B || |
| + | |} | ||
| + | | | ||
| + | [[File:P5_CW_Circle_of_5ths.png]] | ||
|} | |} | ||
| Line 29: | Line 35: | ||
Moving only clockwise and using strict naming for each P5, we require to start using sharps once we hit 6 o'clock. Notice that the sharp keys are enharmonic to the flat keys above. Here's the same visualization using sharp keys instead of flats: | Moving only clockwise and using strict naming for each P5, we require to start using sharps once we hit 6 o'clock. Notice that the sharp keys are enharmonic to the flat keys above. Here's the same visualization using sharp keys instead of flats: | ||
| + | {| | ||
| + | |- | ||
| + | | | ||
{| | {| | ||
| || E{{s}} || C || G || | | || E{{s}} || C || G || | ||
| Line 39: | Line 48: | ||
|- | |- | ||
| || C{{s}} || F{{s}} || B || | | || C{{s}} || F{{s}} || B || | ||
| + | |} | ||
| + | | | ||
| + | [[File:P5_CW_Circle_of_5ths.png]] | ||
|} | |} | ||
| Line 44: | Line 56: | ||
{| | {| | ||
| − | |||
|- | |- | ||
| − | | | + | | |
| + | {| | ||
| + | | || F || C || A{{db}} || | ||
|- | |- | ||
| − | | | + | | B{{b}} || || || || E{{db}} |
|- | |- | ||
| − | | | + | | E{{b}} || || || || B{{db}} |
|- | |- | ||
| − | | || D{{ | + | | A{{b}} || || || || F{{b}} |
| + | |- | ||
| + | | || D{{b}} || G{{b}} || C{{b}} || | ||
| + | |} | ||
| + | | | ||
| + | [[File:P4_CCW_Circle_of_5ths.png]] | ||
|} | |} | ||
| − | If we kept going, 12 o'clock would be D{{ | + | If we kept going, 12 o'clock would be D{{db}}, and again, we'd be venturing into double and triple flats and beyond. |
And if 12 o'clock is the root, the interval between root and each note is as follows: | And if 12 o'clock is the root, the interval between root and each note is as follows: | ||
| − | {| | + | |
| − | | || P4 || U || P5 || | + | :{| |
| + | | || {{P4|P4}} || {{U|R}} || {{P5|P5}} || | ||
|- | |- | ||
| − | | m7 || || || || M2 | + | | {{Mn7|m7}} || || || || {{M2|M2}} |
|- | |- | ||
| − | | m3 || || || || M6 | + | | {{Mn3|m3}} || || || || {{M6|M6}} |
|- | |- | ||
| − | | m6 || || || || M3 | + | | {{Mn6|m6}} || || || || {{M3|M3}} |
|- | |- | ||
| − | | || m2 || tt || M7 || | + | | || {{Mn2|m2}} || {{tt|tt}} || {{M7|M7}} || |
|} | |} | ||
| − | Notice the 2 intervals of equal distance from the root are inversions of each other (P4 - P5, m7 - M2, m3 - M6, m6 - M3, m2 - M7). | + | Notice the 2 intervals of equal distance from the root are inversions of each other ({{P4|P4}} - {{P5|P5}}, {{Mn7|m7}} - {{M2|M2}}, {{Mn3|m3}} - {{M6|M6}}, {{Mn6|m6}} - {{M3|M3}}, {{Mn2|m2}} - {{M7|M7}}). |
{{top}} | {{top}} | ||
| Line 76: | Line 95: | ||
== Tables of fifths w/ scales == | == Tables of fifths w/ scales == | ||
| − | ===Major - C{{ | + | ===Major - C{{b}} to C{{s}}=== |
{{crumbs|blue|2 | {{crumbs|blue|2 | ||
|Ref: Circle of Fifths#Clock Visualization|Circle | |Ref: Circle of Fifths#Clock Visualization|Circle | ||
| Line 90: | Line 109: | ||
|Ref: Circle of Fifths#Harmonic Minor - A.E2.99.AD to A.E2.99.AF|Harmonic Minor}} | |Ref: Circle of Fifths#Harmonic Minor - A.E2.99.AD to A.E2.99.AF|Harmonic Minor}} | ||
| − | {| class="wikitable" | + | {| class="wikitable" cellpadding="10px" |
|- | |- | ||
| − | ! Key !!C{{ | + | ! Key !!C{{b}} !! G{{b}} !! D{{b}} !! A{{b}} !! E{{b}} !! B{{b}} !! F !! C !! G !! D !! A !! E !! B !! F{{s}} !! C{{s}} |
|- | |- | ||
| − | | Flats/<br>Sharps||7 {{ | + | | Flats/<br>Sharps||7 {{b}}||6 {{b}} || 5 {{b}} || 4 {{b}} || 3 {{b}} || 2 {{b}} || 1 {{b}} || 0 {{b}}/{{s}} || 1 {{s}} || 2 {{s}} || 3 {{s}} || 4 {{s}} || 5 {{s}} || 6 {{s}} || 7 {{s}} |
|- | |- | ||
| − | | Uni ||C{{ | + | | Uni ||C{{b}} || G{{b}} || D{{b}} || A{{b}} || E{{b}} || B{{b}} || F || C || G || D || A || E || B || F{{s}} || C{{s}} |
|- | |- | ||
| − | | 2nd ||D{{ | + | | 2nd ||D{{b}} || A{{b}}|| E{{b}} || B{{b}} || F || C || G || D || A || E|| B || F{{s}}|| C{{s}} || G{{s}} || D{{s}} |
|- | |- | ||
| − | | 3rd ||E{{ | + | | 3rd ||E{{b}} || B{{b}} || F || C || G || D || A || E || B || F{{s}} || C{{s}} || G{{s}}|| D{{s}} || A{{s}} || E{{s}} |
|- | |- | ||
| − | | 4th ||F{{ | + | | 4th ||F{{b}} || C{{b}} || G{{b}} || D{{b}} || A{{b}} || E{{b}} || B{{b}} || F || C || G || D || A|| E || B || F{{s}} |
|- | |- | ||
| − | | 5th ||G{{ | + | | 5th ||G{{b}} || D{{b}} || A{{b}} || E{{b}} || B{{b}} || F || C || G || D || A || E|| B|| F{{s}} || C{{s}} || G{{s}} |
|- | |- | ||
| − | | 6th ||A{{ | + | | 6th ||A{{b}} || E{{b}} || B{{b}} || F || C || G || D || A || E || B || F{{s}}|| C{{s}}|| G{{s}} || D{{s}} || A{{s}} |
|- | |- | ||
| − | | 7th ||B{{ | + | | 7th ||B{{b}} || F || C || G || D || A || E || B || F{{s}} || C{{s}} || G{{s}}|| D{{s}}|| A{{s}} || E{{s}} || B{{s}} |
|- | |- | ||
| − | | Oct ||C{{ | + | | Oct ||C{{b}} || G{{b}} || D{{b}} || A{{b}} || E{{b}} || B{{b}} || F || C || G || D || A|| E|| B || F{{s}} || C{{s}} |
|} | |} | ||
Notice the 4ths and 7ths - this is where the notes flatted/sharped when shifting keys up/down a fifth (or down/up a fourth). | Notice the 4ths and 7ths - this is where the notes flatted/sharped when shifting keys up/down a fifth (or down/up a fourth). | ||
| Line 116: | Line 135: | ||
{{top}} | {{top}} | ||
| − | ===Natural Minor - A{{ | + | ===Natural Minor - A{{b}} to A{{s}}=== |
{{crumbs|blue|2 | {{crumbs|blue|2 | ||
|Ref: Circle of Fifths#Clock Visualization|Circle | |Ref: Circle of Fifths#Clock Visualization|Circle | ||
| Line 132: | Line 151: | ||
{| class="wikitable" | {| class="wikitable" | ||
|- | |- | ||
| − | ! Key !!A{{ | + | ! Key !!A{{b}} !! E{{b}} !! B{{b}} !! F !! C !! G !! D !! A !! E !! B !! F{{s}} !! C{{s}} !! G{{s}} !! D{{s}} !! A{{s}} |
|- | |- | ||
| − | | Flats/<br>Sharps||7 {{ | + | | Flats/<br>Sharps||7 {{b}}||6 {{b}} || 5 {{b}} || 4 {{b}} || 3 {{b}} || 2 {{b}} || 1 {{b}} || 0 {{b}}/{{s}} || 1 {{s}} || 2 {{s}} || 3 {{s}} || 4 {{s}} || 5 {{s}} || 6 {{s}} || 7 {{s}} |
|- | |- | ||
| − | | Uni ||A{{ | + | | Uni ||A{{b}} || E{{b}} || B{{b}} || F || C || G || D || A || E || B || F{{s}}|| C{{s}}|| G{{s}} || D{{s}} || A{{s}} |
|- | |- | ||
| − | | 2nd ||B{{ | + | | 2nd ||B{{b}} || F || C || G || D || A || E || B || F{{s}} || C{{s}} || G{{s}}|| D{{s}}|| A{{s}} || E{{s}} || B{{s}} |
|- | |- | ||
| − | | 3rd ||C{{ | + | | 3rd ||C{{b}} || G{{b}} || D{{b}} || A{{b}} || E{{b}} || B{{b}} || F || C || G || D || A|| E|| B || F{{s}} || C{{s}} |
|- | |- | ||
| − | | 4nd ||D{{ | + | | 4nd ||D{{b}} || A{{b}}|| E{{b}} || B{{b}} || F || C || G || D || A || E|| B || F{{s}}|| C{{s}} || G{{s}} || D{{s}} |
|- | |- | ||
| − | | 5rd ||E{{ | + | | 5rd ||E{{b}} || B{{b}} || F || C || G || D || A || E || B || F{{s}} || C{{s}} || G{{s}}|| D{{s}} || A{{s}} || E{{s}} |
|- | |- | ||
| − | | 6th ||F{{ | + | | 6th ||F{{b}} || C{{b}} || G{{b}} || D{{b}} || A{{b}} || E{{b}} || B{{b}} || F || C || G || D || A|| E || B || F{{s}} |
|- | |- | ||
| − | | 7th ||G{{ | + | | 7th ||G{{b}} || D{{b}} || A{{b}} || E{{b}} || B{{b}} || F || C || G || D || A || E|| B|| F{{s}} || C{{s}} || G{{s}} |
|- | |- | ||
| − | | Oct ||A{{ | + | | Oct ||A{{b}} || E{{b}} || B{{b}} || F || C || G || D || A || E || B || F{{s}}|| C{{s}}|| G{{s}} || D{{s}} || A{{s}} |
|} | |} | ||
| Line 157: | Line 176: | ||
{{top}} | {{top}} | ||
| − | ===Harmonic Minor - A{{ | + | ===Harmonic Minor - A{{b}} to A{{s}}=== |
{{crumbs|blue|2 | {{crumbs|blue|2 | ||
|Ref: Circle of Fifths#Clock Visualization|Circle | |Ref: Circle of Fifths#Clock Visualization|Circle | ||
| Line 173: | Line 192: | ||
{| class="wikitable" | {| class="wikitable" | ||
|- | |- | ||
| − | ! Key !!A{{ | + | ! Key !!A{{b}} !! E{{b}} !! B{{b}} !! F !! C !! G !! D !! A !! E !! B !! F{{s}} !! C{{s}} !! G{{s}} !! D{{s}} !! A{{s}} |
|- | |- | ||
| − | | Uni ||A{{ | + | | Uni ||A{{b}} || E{{b}} || B{{b}} || F || C || G || D || A || E || B || F{{s}}|| C{{s}}|| G{{s}} || D{{s}} || A{{s}} |
|- | |- | ||
| − | | 2nd ||B{{ | + | | 2nd ||B{{b}} || F || C || G || D || A || E || B || F{{s}} || C{{s}} || G{{s}}|| D{{s}}|| A{{s}} || E{{s}} || B{{s}} |
|- | |- | ||
| − | | 3rd ||C{{ | + | | 3rd ||C{{b}} || G{{b}} || D{{b}} || A{{b}} || E{{b}} || B{{b}} || F || C || G || D || A|| E|| B || F{{s}} || C{{s}} |
|- | |- | ||
| − | | 4nd ||D{{ | + | | 4nd ||D{{b}} || A{{b}}|| E{{b}} || B{{b}} || F || C || G || D || A || E|| B || F{{s}}|| C{{s}} || G{{s}} || D{{s}} |
|- | |- | ||
| − | | 5rd ||E{{ | + | | 5rd ||E{{b}} || B{{b}} || F || C || G || D || A || E || B || F{{s}} || C{{s}} || G{{s}}|| D{{s}} || A{{s}} || E{{s}} |
|- | |- | ||
| − | | 6th ||F{{ | + | | 6th ||F{{b}} || C{{b}} || G{{b}} || D{{b}} || A{{b}} || E{{b}} || B{{b}} || F || C || G || D || A|| E || B || F{{s}} |
|- | |- | ||
| − | | 7th ||G || D || A || E || B || F{{s}} || C{{s}} || G{{s}} || D{{s}} || A{{s}} || E{{s}}|| B{{s}}|| F{{ | + | | 7th ||G || D || A || E || B || F{{s}} || C{{s}} || G{{s}} || D{{s}} || A{{s}} || E{{s}}|| B{{s}}|| F{{ds}} || C{{ds}} || G{{ds}} |
|- | |- | ||
| − | | Oct ||A{{ | + | | Oct ||A{{b}} || E{{b}} || B{{b}} || F || C || G || D || A || E || B || F{{s}}|| C{{s}}|| G{{s}} || D{{s}} || A{{s}} |
|} | |} | ||
| Line 206: | Line 225: | ||
{| class="wikitable" | {| class="wikitable" | ||
|- | |- | ||
| − | | E{{ | + | | E{{db}}{{db}} || B{{db}}{{db}} || F{{db}}{{b}} || C{{db}}{{b}} || G{{db}}{{b}} || D{{db}}{{b}} || A{{db}}{{b}} || E{{db}}{{b}} || B{{db}}{{b}} || F{{db}} || C{{db}} || G{{db}} || D{{db}} |
|- | |- | ||
| − | | D{{ | + | | D{{db}} || A{{db}} || E{{db}} || B{{db}} || F{{b}} || C{{b}} || G{{b}} || D{{b}} || A{{b}} || E{{b}} || B{{b}} || F || C |
|- | |- | ||
| C || G || D || A || E || B || F{{s}} || C{{s}} || G{{s}} || D{{s}} || A{{s}} || E{{s}} || B{{s}} | | C || G || D || A || E || B || F{{s}} || C{{s}} || G{{s}} || D{{s}} || A{{s}} || E{{s}} || B{{s}} | ||
|- | |- | ||
| − | | B{{s}} || F{{ | + | | B{{s}} || F{{ds}} || C{{ds}} || G{{ds}} || D{{ds}} || A{{ds}} || E{{ds}} || B{{ds}} || F{{ds}}{{s}} || C{{ds}}{{s}} || G{{ds}}{{s}} || D{{ds}}{{s}} || A{{ds}}{{s}} |
|- | |- | ||
| − | | A{{ | + | | A{{ds}}{{s}} || E{{ds}}{{s}} || B{{ds}}{{s}} || F{{ds}}{{ds}} || C{{ds}}{{ds}} || G{{ds}}{{ds}} || D{{ds}}{{ds}} || A{{ds}}{{ds}} || E{{ds}}{{ds}} || B{{ds}}{{ds}} || F{{ds}}{{ds}}{{s}} || C{{ds}}{{ds}}{{s}} || G{{ds}}{{ds}}{{s}} |
|} | |} | ||
| Line 235: | Line 254: | ||
! 1 !! 2 !! 3 !! 4 !! 5 | ! 1 !! 2 !! 3 !! 4 !! 5 | ||
|- | |- | ||
| − | | major || above || P4 || sharped || M7 | + | | major || above || {{P4|P4}} || sharped || {{M7|M7}} |
|- | |- | ||
| − | | minor || above || m6 || sharped || M2 | + | | minor || above || {{Mn6|m6}} || sharped || {{M2|M2}} |
|- | |- | ||
| − | | major || below || M7 || flatted || P4 | + | | major || below || {{M7|M7}} || flatted || {{P4|P4}} |
|- | |- | ||
| − | | minor || below || M2 || flatted || m6 | + | | minor || below || {{M2|M2}} || flatted || {{Mn6|m6}} |
|} | |} | ||
| Line 255: | Line 274: | ||
|Ref: Circle of Fifths#Harmony between Keys|Harmony b/t Keys}} | |Ref: Circle of Fifths#Harmony between Keys|Harmony b/t Keys}} | ||
| − | Modulating from any major scale to a new major scale that is ___ interval above/below the original key has ___ same pitches and {{s}}/{{ | + | Modulating from any major scale to a new major scale that is ___ interval above/below the original key has ___ same pitches and {{s}}/{{b}} per note: |
{| class="wikitable" | {| class="wikitable" | ||
|- | |- | ||
! Interval Above Root | ! Interval Above Root | ||
| − | | Uni || m2 || M2 || m3 || M3 || P4 || | + | | {{U|Uni}} || {{Mn2|m2}} || {{M2|M2}} || {{Mn3|m3}} || {{M3|M3}} || {{P4|P4}} || {{tt|tt}} || {{P5|P5}} || {{Mn6|m6}} || {{M6|M6}} || {{Mn7|m7}} || {{M7|M7}} |
|- | |- | ||
! Interval Below Root | ! Interval Below Root | ||
| − | | Uni || M7 || m7 || M6 || m6 || P5 || | + | | {{U|Uni}} || {{M7|M7}} || {{Mn7|m7}} || {{M6|M6}} || {{Mn6|m6}} || {{P5|P5}} || {{tt|tt}} || {{P4|P4}} || {{M3|M3}} || {{Mn3|m3}} || {{M2|M2}} || {{Mn2|m2}} |
|- | |- | ||
!Example Major Key vs C Major | !Example Major Key vs C Major | ||
| Line 289: | Line 308: | ||
|3 || M3 || m6 | |3 || M3 || m6 | ||
|- | |- | ||
| − | |2 || M7 || m2, | + | |2 || M7 || m2, tt |
|} | |} | ||
<nowiki>*</nowiki> Note: All intervals in above table are ''above'' the root note | <nowiki>*</nowiki> Note: All intervals in above table are ''above'' the root note | ||
| Line 298: | Line 317: | ||
{| class = "wikitable" | {| class = "wikitable" | ||
|- | |- | ||
| − | ! Key !! E{{ | + | ! Key !! E{{b}} !! B{{b}} !! F !! C !! G !! D !! A !! E !! B !! F{{s}} !! C{{s}} !! G{{s}} !! D{{s}} |
|- | |- | ||
! Notes in<br />common w/ Ahm | ! Notes in<br />common w/ Ahm | ||
| Line 409: | Line 428: | ||
|- | |- | ||
!2 | !2 | ||
| − | | || m6, m7, m3 || C -> A{{ | + | | || m6, m7, m3 || C -> A{{b}}m |
|} | |} | ||
| Line 510: | Line 529: | ||
|- | |- | ||
!2 | !2 | ||
| − | | || m2, d5, M7 || Am -> E{{ | + | | || m2, d5, M7 || Am -> E{{b}}m |
|} | |} | ||
| Line 640: | Line 659: | ||
|Ref: Circle of Fifths#Common Notes Table|Common Notes}} | |Ref: Circle of Fifths#Common Notes Table|Common Notes}} | ||
| + | {| | ||
| + | |- | ||
| + | | | ||
{|class="wikitable" | {|class="wikitable" | ||
| + | |+ Ordered by Half-Steps | ||
!colspan="2"| | !colspan="2"| | ||
!colspan="3"| Key 2 Type | !colspan="3"| Key 2 Type | ||
| Line 650: | Line 673: | ||
!rowspan="13"| Major | !rowspan="13"| Major | ||
|- | |- | ||
| − | | '''U''' || '''7''' || 4 || 5 | + | | {{U|'''U'''}} || '''7''' || 4 || 5 |
|- | |- | ||
| − | | m2 || 2 || 3 || 3 | + | | {{Mn2|m2}} || 2 || 3 || 3 |
|- | |- | ||
| − | | '''M2''' || 5 || '''6''' || 5 | + | | '''{{M2|M2}}''' || 5 || '''6''' || 5 |
|- | |- | ||
| − | | m3 || 4 || 2 || 3 | + | | {{Mn3|m3}} || 4 || 2 || 3 |
|- | |- | ||
| − | | '''M3''' || 3 || '''6''' || 5 | + | | '''{{M3|M3}}''' || 3 || '''6''' || 5 |
|- | |- | ||
| − | | '''P4''' || '''6''' || 3 || 3 | + | | '''{{P4|P4}}''' || '''6''' || 3 || 3 |
|- | |- | ||
| − | | tt || 2 || 4 || 4 | + | | {{tt|tt}} || 2 || 4 || 4 |
|- | |- | ||
| − | | '''P5''' || '''6''' || 5 || 3 | + | | '''{{P5|P5}}''' || '''6''' || 5 || 3 |
|- | |- | ||
| − | | m6 || 3 || 2 || 3 | + | | {{Mn6|m6}} || 3 || 2 || 3 |
|- | |- | ||
| − | | '''M6''' || 4 || '''7''' || '''6''' | + | | '''{{M6|M6}}''' || 4 || '''7''' || '''6''' |
|- | |- | ||
| − | | m7 || 5 || 2 || 4 | + | | {{Mn7|m7}} || 5 || 2 || 4 |
|- | |- | ||
| − | | '''M7''' || 2 || 5 || 4 | + | | '''{{M7|M7}}''' || 2 || 5 || 4 |
|- | |- | ||
!rowspan="13"| Minor | !rowspan="13"| Minor | ||
|- | |- | ||
| − | | '''U''' || 4 || '''7''' || '''6''' | + | | {{U|'''U'''}} || 4 || '''7''' || '''6''' |
|- | |- | ||
| − | | m2 || 5 || 2 || 4 | + | | {{Mn2|m2}} || 5 || 2 || 4 |
|- | |- | ||
| − | | '''M2''' || 2 || 5 || 4 | + | | '''{{M2|M2}}''' || 2 || 5 || 4 |
|- | |- | ||
| − | | '''m3''' || '''7''' || 4 || 5 | + | | '''{{Mn3|m3}}''' || '''7''' || 4 || 5 |
|- | |- | ||
| − | | M3 || 2 || 3 || 3 | + | | {{M3|M3}} || 2 || 3 || 3 |
|- | |- | ||
| − | | '''P4''' || 5 || '''6''' || 5 | + | | '''{{P4|P4}}''' || 5 || '''6''' || 5 |
|- | |- | ||
| − | | tt || 4 || 2 || 3 | + | | {{tt|tt}} || 4 || 2 || 3 |
|- | |- | ||
| − | | '''P5''' || 3 || '''6''' || 5 | + | | '''{{P5|P5}}''' || 3 || '''6''' || 5 |
|- | |- | ||
| − | | '''m6''' || '''6''' || 3 || 3 | + | | '''{{Mn6|m6}}''' || '''6''' || 3 || 3 |
|- | |- | ||
| − | | M6 || 2 || 4 || 4 | + | | {{M6|M6}} || 2 || 4 || 4 |
|- | |- | ||
| − | | '''m7''' || '''6''' || 5 || 3 | + | | '''{{Mn7|m7}}''' || '''6''' || 5 || 3 |
|- | |- | ||
| − | | M7 || 3 || 2 || 3 | + | | {{M7|M7}} || 3 || 2 || 3 |
|- | |- | ||
!rowspan="13"| Harmonic Minor | !rowspan="13"| Harmonic Minor | ||
|- | |- | ||
| − | | '''U''' || 4 || '''6''' || '''7''' | + | | {{U|'''U'''}} || 4 || '''6''' || '''7''' |
|- | |- | ||
| − | | m2 || 4 || 3 || 3 | + | | {{Mn2|m2}} || 4 || 3 || 3 |
|- | |- | ||
| − | | '''M2''' || 4 || 3 || 3 | + | | '''{{M2|M2}}''' || 4 || 3 || 3 |
|- | |- | ||
| − | | '''m3''' || '''6''' || 4 || 4 | + | | '''{{Mn3|m3}}''' || '''6''' || 4 || 4 |
|- | |- | ||
| − | | M3 || 3 || 3 || 4 | + | | {{M3|M3}} || 3 || 3 || 4 |
|- | |- | ||
| − | | '''P4''' || 3 || '''5''' || 4 | + | | '''{{P4|P4}}''' || 3 || '''5''' || 4 |
|- | |- | ||
| − | | tt || 4 || 3 || 4 | + | | {{tt|tt}} || 4 || 3 || 4 |
|- | |- | ||
| − | | '''P5''' || 3 || '''5''' || 4 | + | | '''{{P5|P5}}''' || 3 || '''5''' || 4 |
|- | |- | ||
| − | | '''m6''' || '''5''' || 3 || 4 | + | | '''{{Mn6|m6}}''' || '''5''' || 3 || 4 |
|- | |- | ||
| − | | M6 || 3 || 4 || 4 | + | | {{M6|M6}} || 3 || 4 || 4 |
|- | |- | ||
| − | | m7 || '''5''' || 4 || 3 | + | | {{Mn7|m7}} || '''5''' || 4 || 3 |
|- | |- | ||
| − | | '''M7''' || 3 || 3 || 3 | + | | '''{{M7|M7}}''' || 3 || 3 || 3 |
|} | |} | ||
| − | + | | | |
| − | |||
{|class="wikitable" | {|class="wikitable" | ||
|+ Ordered by 5ths | |+ Ordered by 5ths | ||
| Line 739: | Line 761: | ||
!rowspan="13"| Major | !rowspan="13"| Major | ||
|- | |- | ||
| − | | '''U''' || '''7''' || 4 || 5 | + | | {{U|'''U'''}} || '''7''' || 4 || 5 |
|- | |- | ||
| − | | '''P5''' || '''6''' || 5 || 3 | + | | '''{{P5|P5}}''' || '''6''' || 5 || 3 |
|- | |- | ||
| − | | '''M2''' || 5 || '''6''' || 5 | + | | '''{{M2|M2}}''' || 5 || '''6''' || 5 |
|- | |- | ||
| − | | '''M6''' || 4 || '''7''' || '''6''' | + | | '''{{M6|M6}}''' || 4 || '''7''' || '''6''' |
|- | |- | ||
| − | | '''M3''' || 3 || '''6''' || 5 | + | | '''{{M3|M3}}''' || 3 || '''6''' || 5 |
|- | |- | ||
| − | | '''M7''' || 2 || 5 || 4 | + | | '''{{M7|M7}}''' || 2 || 5 || 4 |
|- | |- | ||
| − | | tt || 2 || 4 || 4 | + | | {{tt|tt}} || 2 || 4 || 4 |
|- | |- | ||
| − | | m2 || 2 || 3 || 3 | + | | {{Mn2|m2}} || 2 || 3 || 3 |
|- | |- | ||
| − | | m6 || 3 || 2 || 3 | + | | {{Mn6|m6}} || 3 || 2 || 3 |
|- | |- | ||
| − | | m3 || 4 || 2 || 3 | + | | {{Mn3|m3}} || 4 || 2 || 3 |
|- | |- | ||
| − | | m7 || 5 || 2 || 4 | + | | {{Mn7|m7}} || 5 || 2 || 4 |
|- | |- | ||
| − | | '''P4''' || '''6''' || 3 || 3 | + | | '''{{P4|P4}}''' || '''6''' || 3 || 3 |
|- | |- | ||
!rowspan="13"| Minor | !rowspan="13"| Minor | ||
|- | |- | ||
| − | | '''U''' || 4 || '''7''' || '''6''' | + | | {{U|'''U'''}} || 4 || '''7''' || '''6''' |
|- | |- | ||
| − | | '''P5''' || 3 || '''6''' || 5 | + | | '''{{P5|P5}}''' || 3 || '''6''' || 5 |
|- | |- | ||
| − | | '''M2''' || 2 || 5 || 4 | + | | '''{{M2|M2}}''' || 2 || 5 || 4 |
|- | |- | ||
| − | | M6 || 2 || 4 || 4 | + | | {{M6|M6}} || 2 || 4 || 4 |
|- | |- | ||
| − | | M3 || 2 || 3 || 3 | + | | {{M3|M3}} || 2 || 3 || 3 |
|- | |- | ||
| − | | M7 || 3 || 2 || 3 | + | | {{M7|M7}} || 3 || 2 || 3 |
|- | |- | ||
| − | | tt || 4 || 2 || 3 | + | | {{tt|tt}} || 4 || 2 || 3 |
|- | |- | ||
| − | | m2 || 5 || 2 || 4 | + | | {{Mn2|m2}} || 5 || 2 || 4 |
|- | |- | ||
| − | | '''m6''' || '''6''' || 3 || 3 | + | | '''{{Mn6|m6}}''' || '''6''' || 3 || 3 |
|- | |- | ||
| − | | '''m3''' || '''7''' || 4 || 5 | + | | '''{{Mn3|m3}}''' || '''7''' || 4 || 5 |
|- | |- | ||
| − | | '''m7''' || '''6''' || 5 || 3 | + | | '''{{Mn7|m7}}''' || '''6''' || 5 || 3 |
|- | |- | ||
| − | | '''P4''' || 5 || '''6''' || 5 | + | | '''{{P4|P4}}''' || 5 || '''6''' || 5 |
|- | |- | ||
!rowspan="13"| Harmonic Minor | !rowspan="13"| Harmonic Minor | ||
|- | |- | ||
| − | | '''U''' || 4 || '''6''' || '''7''' | + | | {{U|'''U'''}} || 4 || '''6''' || '''7''' |
|- | |- | ||
| − | | '''P5''' || 3 || '''5''' || 4 | + | | '''{{P5|P5}}''' || 3 || '''5''' || 4 |
|- | |- | ||
| − | | '''M2''' || 4 || 3 || 3 | + | | '''{{M2|M2}}''' || 4 || 3 || 3 |
|- | |- | ||
| − | | M6 || 3 || 4 || 4 | + | | {{M6|M6}} || 3 || 4 || 4 |
|- | |- | ||
| − | | M3 || 3 || 3 || 4 | + | | {{M3|M3}} || 3 || 3 || 4 |
|- | |- | ||
| − | | '''M7''' || 3 || 3 || 3 | + | | '''{{M7|M7}}''' || 3 || 3 || 3 |
|- | |- | ||
| − | | tt || 4 || 3 || 4 | + | | {{tt|tt}} || 4 || 3 || 4 |
|- | |- | ||
| − | | m2 || 4 || 3 || 3 | + | | {{Mn2|m2}} || 4 || 3 || 3 |
|- | |- | ||
| − | | '''m6''' || '''5''' || 3 || 4 | + | | '''{{Mn6|m6}}''' || '''5''' || 3 || 4 |
|- | |- | ||
| − | | '''m3''' || '''6''' || 4 || 4 | + | | '''{{Mn3|m3}}''' || '''6''' || 4 || 4 |
|- | |- | ||
| − | | m7 || '''5''' || 4 || 3 | + | | {{Mn7|m7}} || '''5''' || 4 || 3 |
|- | |- | ||
| − | | '''P4''' || 3 || '''5''' || 4 | + | | '''{{P4|P4}}''' || 3 || '''5''' || 4 |
| + | |} | ||
|} | |} | ||
Latest revision as of 23:59, 24 August 2015
Contents
Clock Visualization
So assuming C is "12 o'Clock", our circle of fifths looks like this:
|
Since the standard Western chromatic scale is composed of 12 notes, they match up to the 12 hours of an analog clock. Closely-related keys are adjacent, both clockwise and counter-clockwise, while the distantly-related keys are opposite (6 fifths (or "hours") apart).
Moving only clockwise and using strict naming for each P5, we require to start using sharps once we hit 6 o'clock. Notice that the sharp keys are enharmonic to the flat keys above. Here's the same visualization using sharp keys instead of flats:
|
If we kept going, B♯ would be the next P5 we reach at 12 o'clock, enharmonic to C. We could keep going around and start using double, then triple sharps, and so on. On the other hand, if we move strict P4's going clockwise, we get the following:
|
If we kept going, 12 o'clock would be D16x16px, and again, we'd be venturing into double and triple flats and beyond.
And if 12 o'clock is the root, the interval between root and each note is as follows:
P4 R P5 m7 M2 m3 M6 m6 M3 m2 tt M7
Notice the 2 intervals of equal distance from the root are inversions of each other (P4 - P5, m7 - M2, m3 - M6, m6 - M3, m2 - M7).
Tables of fifths w/ scales
Major - C♭ to C♯
| Key | C♭ | G♭ | D♭ | A♭ | E♭ | B♭ | F | C | G | D | A | E | B | F♯ | C♯ |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Flats/ Sharps |
7 ♭ | 6 ♭ | 5 ♭ | 4 ♭ | 3 ♭ | 2 ♭ | 1 ♭ | 0 ♭/♯ | 1 ♯ | 2 ♯ | 3 ♯ | 4 ♯ | 5 ♯ | 6 ♯ | 7 ♯ |
| Uni | C♭ | G♭ | D♭ | A♭ | E♭ | B♭ | F | C | G | D | A | E | B | F♯ | C♯ |
| 2nd | D♭ | A♭ | E♭ | B♭ | F | C | G | D | A | E | B | F♯ | C♯ | G♯ | D♯ |
| 3rd | E♭ | B♭ | F | C | G | D | A | E | B | F♯ | C♯ | G♯ | D♯ | A♯ | E♯ |
| 4th | F♭ | C♭ | G♭ | D♭ | A♭ | E♭ | B♭ | F | C | G | D | A | E | B | F♯ |
| 5th | G♭ | D♭ | A♭ | E♭ | B♭ | F | C | G | D | A | E | B | F♯ | C♯ | G♯ |
| 6th | A♭ | E♭ | B♭ | F | C | G | D | A | E | B | F♯ | C♯ | G♯ | D♯ | A♯ |
| 7th | B♭ | F | C | G | D | A | E | B | F♯ | C♯ | G♯ | D♯ | A♯ | E♯ | B♯ |
| Oct | C♭ | G♭ | D♭ | A♭ | E♭ | B♭ | F | C | G | D | A | E | B | F♯ | C♯ |
Notice the 4ths and 7ths - this is where the notes flatted/sharped when shifting keys up/down a fifth (or down/up a fourth).
Natural Minor - A♭ to A♯
| Key | A♭ | E♭ | B♭ | F | C | G | D | A | E | B | F♯ | C♯ | G♯ | D♯ | A♯ |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Flats/ Sharps |
7 ♭ | 6 ♭ | 5 ♭ | 4 ♭ | 3 ♭ | 2 ♭ | 1 ♭ | 0 ♭/♯ | 1 ♯ | 2 ♯ | 3 ♯ | 4 ♯ | 5 ♯ | 6 ♯ | 7 ♯ |
| Uni | A♭ | E♭ | B♭ | F | C | G | D | A | E | B | F♯ | C♯ | G♯ | D♯ | A♯ |
| 2nd | B♭ | F | C | G | D | A | E | B | F♯ | C♯ | G♯ | D♯ | A♯ | E♯ | B♯ |
| 3rd | C♭ | G♭ | D♭ | A♭ | E♭ | B♭ | F | C | G | D | A | E | B | F♯ | C♯ |
| 4nd | D♭ | A♭ | E♭ | B♭ | F | C | G | D | A | E | B | F♯ | C♯ | G♯ | D♯ |
| 5rd | E♭ | B♭ | F | C | G | D | A | E | B | F♯ | C♯ | G♯ | D♯ | A♯ | E♯ |
| 6th | F♭ | C♭ | G♭ | D♭ | A♭ | E♭ | B♭ | F | C | G | D | A | E | B | F♯ |
| 7th | G♭ | D♭ | A♭ | E♭ | B♭ | F | C | G | D | A | E | B | F♯ | C♯ | G♯ |
| Oct | A♭ | E♭ | B♭ | F | C | G | D | A | E | B | F♯ | C♯ | G♯ | D♯ | A♯ |
Notice the 2nds and 6ths - this is where the notes flatted/sharped when shifting keys up/down a fifth (or down/up a fourth).
Harmonic Minor - A♭ to A♯
| Key | A♭ | E♭ | B♭ | F | C | G | D | A | E | B | F♯ | C♯ | G♯ | D♯ | A♯ |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Uni | A♭ | E♭ | B♭ | F | C | G | D | A | E | B | F♯ | C♯ | G♯ | D♯ | A♯ |
| 2nd | B♭ | F | C | G | D | A | E | B | F♯ | C♯ | G♯ | D♯ | A♯ | E♯ | B♯ |
| 3rd | C♭ | G♭ | D♭ | A♭ | E♭ | B♭ | F | C | G | D | A | E | B | F♯ | C♯ |
| 4nd | D♭ | A♭ | E♭ | B♭ | F | C | G | D | A | E | B | F♯ | C♯ | G♯ | D♯ |
| 5rd | E♭ | B♭ | F | C | G | D | A | E | B | F♯ | C♯ | G♯ | D♯ | A♯ | E♯ |
| 6th | F♭ | C♭ | G♭ | D♭ | A♭ | E♭ | B♭ | F | C | G | D | A | E | B | F♯ |
| 7th | G | D | A | E | B | F♯ | C♯ | G♯ | D♯ | A♯ | E♯ | B♯ | F10x10px | C10x10px | G10x10px |
| Oct | A♭ | E♭ | B♭ | F | C | G | D | A | E | B | F♯ | C♯ | G♯ | D♯ | A♯ |
Fifths and equivalents
All columns are equivalent pitches. Each cell is a perfect fifth above the cell to its left.
| E16x16px16x16px | B16x16px16x16px | F16x16px♭ | C16x16px♭ | G16x16px♭ | D16x16px♭ | A16x16px♭ | E16x16px♭ | B16x16px♭ | F16x16px | C16x16px | G16x16px | D16x16px |
| D16x16px | A16x16px | E16x16px | B16x16px | F♭ | C♭ | G♭ | D♭ | A♭ | E♭ | B♭ | F | C |
| C | G | D | A | E | B | F♯ | C♯ | G♯ | D♯ | A♯ | E♯ | B♯ |
| B♯ | F10x10px | C10x10px | G10x10px | D10x10px | A10x10px | E10x10px | B10x10px | F10x10px♯ | C10x10px♯ | G10x10px♯ | D10x10px♯ | A10x10px♯ |
| A10x10px♯ | E10x10px♯ | B10x10px♯ | F10x10px10x10px | C10x10px10x10px | G10x10px10x10px | D10x10px10x10px | A10x10px10x10px | E10x10px10x10px | B10x10px10x10px | F10x10px10x10px♯ | C10x10px10x10px♯ | G10x10px10x10px♯ |
Rules and Guidelines
The 1.____ scale a perfect fifth 2.____ the current scale contains the same notes but the 3.___ in the current scale is 4.____ to become the 5.____ of the new scale.
| 1 | 2 | 3 | 4 | 5 |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| major | above | P4 | sharped | M7 |
| minor | above | m6 | sharped | M2 |
| major | below | M7 | flatted | P4 |
| minor | below | M2 | flatted | m6 |
Equivalent Pitches for Scales Below/Above by Interval
Modulating from any major scale to a new major scale that is ___ interval above/below the original key has ___ same pitches and ♯/♭ per note:
| Interval Above Root | Uni | m2 | M2 | m3 | M3 | P4 | tt | P5 | m6 | M6 | m7 | M7 |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Interval Below Root | Uni | M7 | m7 | M6 | m6 | P5 | tt | P4 | M3 | m3 | M2 | m2 |
| Example Major Key vs C Major | C | C♯ | D | D♯ | E | F | F♯ | G | G♯ | A | A♯ | B |
| Number of Common Pitches | 7 | 2 | 5 | 4 | 3 | 6 | 2 | 6 | 3 | 4 | 5 | 2 |
Which means the most harmonic key changes are:
| Common Notes | Diatonic Keys | Non-Diatonic Keys |
|---|---|---|
| 6 | P4, P5 | |
| 5 | M2 | m7 |
| 4 | M6 | m3 |
| 3 | M3 | m6 |
| 2 | M7 | m2, tt |
* Note: All intervals in above table are above the root note
Harmonic Minor
| Key | E♭ | B♭ | F | C | G | D | A | E | B | F♯ | C♯ | G♯ | D♯ |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Notes in common w/ Ahm |
4 | 3 | 4 | 4 | 3 | 4 | 7 | 4 | 3 | 4 | 4 | 3 | 4 |
| Interval Above Root | Uni | m2 | M2 | m3 | M3 | P4 | d5 | P5 | m6 | M6 | m7 | M7 |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Interval Below Root | Uni | M7 | m7 | M6 | m6 | P5 | d5 | P4 | M3 | m3 | M2 | m2 |
| Example Harm Minor Key vs A Harm Minor | A | A♯ | B | C | C♯ | D | D♯ | E | F | F♯ | G | G♯ |
| Number of Common Pitches | 7 | 3 | 3 | 4 | 4 | 4 | 4 | 4 | 4 | 4 | 3 | 3 |
| Common Notes | Diatonic Keys | Non-Diatonic Keys |
|---|---|---|
| 4 | m3, P4, P5, m6 | M3, d5, M6 |
| 3 | M2, M7 | m2, m7 |
Harmony between Keys
From Major
to Major
| Common Notes | Diatonic Keys | Non-Diatonic Keys | Example |
|---|---|---|---|
| 6 | P4, P5 | C -> G | |
| 5 | M2 | m7 | C -> D |
| 4 | M6 | m3 | C -> A |
| 3 | M3 | m6 | C -> E |
| 2 | M7 | m2, d5 | C -> B |
to Minor
| Common Notes | Diatonic Keys | Non-Diatonic Keys | Example |
|---|---|---|---|
| 7 | M6 | C -> Am | |
| 6 | M2, M3 | C -> Dm | |
| 5 | P5, M7 | C -> Gm | |
| 4 | U | d5 | C -> Cm |
| 3 | P4 | m2 | C -> Fm |
| 2 | m6, m7, m3 | C -> A♭m |
to Harmonic Minor
| Common Notes | Diatonic Keys | Non-Diatonic Keys | Example |
|---|---|---|---|
| 6 | M6 | C -> Ahm | |
| 5 | U, M2, M3 | C -> Dhm | |
| 4 | M7 | d5, m7 | C -> Bhm |
| 3 | P4, P5 | m2, m3, m6 | C -> Ghm |
From Minor
to Major
| Common Notes | Diatonic Keys | Non-Diatonic Keys | Example |
|---|---|---|---|
| 7 | m3 | Am -> C | |
| 6 | m7, m6 | Am -> G | |
| 5 | P4 | m2 | Am -> D |
| 4 | U | d5 | Am -> A |
| 3 | P5 | M7 | Am -> E |
| 2 | M2 | M3, M6 | Am -> B |
to Minor
| Common Notes | Diatonic Keys | Non-Diatonic Keys | Example |
|---|---|---|---|
| 6 | P4, P5 | Am -> Em | |
| 5 | M2, m7 | Am -> Bm | |
| 4 | m3 | M6 | Am -> Cm |
| 3 | m6 | M3 | Am -> Fm |
| 2 | m2, d5, M7 | Am -> E♭m |
to Harmonic Minor
| Common Notes | Diatonic Keys | Non-Diatonic Keys | Example |
|---|---|---|---|
| 6 | U | Am -> Ahm | |
| 5 | P4, P5 | Am -> Dhm | |
| 4 | m3, M2 | M6, m2 | Am -> Chm |
| 3 | m6, m7 | M3, d5, M7 | Am -> Fhm |
From Harmonic Minor
to Major
| Common Notes | Diatonic Keys | Non-Diatonic Keys | Example |
|---|---|---|---|
| 6 | m3 | Ahm -> C | |
| 5 | m6 | m7 | Ahm -> F |
| 4 | U, M2 | m2, d5 | Ahm -> A |
| 3 | P4, P5, M7 | M6, M3 | Ahm -> D |
to Minor
| Common Notes | Diatonic Keys | Non-Diatonic Keys | Example |
|---|---|---|---|
| 6 | U | Ahm -> Am | |
| 5 | P4, P5 | Ahm -> Dm | |
| 4 | m3 | M6, m7, m2 | Ahm -> Cm |
| 3 | m6, M2 | M3, d5, m2 | Ahm -> Fm |
to Harmonic Minor
| Common Notes | Diatonic Keys | Non-Diatonic Keys | Example |
|---|---|---|---|
| 4 | m3, P4, P5, m6 | M3, d5, M6 | Ahm -> Chm |
| 3 | M2, M7 | m2, m7 | Ahm -> Bhm |
Common Notes Table
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