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{{Top-Level Crumbs|3}}
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{{Reference Crumbs|3}}
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== Clock Visualization ==
 +
{{crumbs|blue|1
 +
|Ref: Circle of Fifths#Clock Visualization|Circle
 +
|Ref: Circle of Fifths#Tables of fifths w/ scales|Scales Grid
 +
|Ref: Circle of Fifths#Fifths and equivalents|Enharmonic 5ths
 +
|Ref: Circle of Fifths#Rules and Guidelines|Note Changes
 +
|Ref: Circle of Fifths#Equivalent Pitches for Scales Below/Above by Interval|Common Notes b/t Keys
 +
|Ref: Circle of Fifths#Harmony between Keys|Harmony b/t Keys}}
 +
 +
So assuming C is "12 o'Clock", our circle of fifths looks like this:
 +
{|
 +
|-
 +
|
 +
{|
 +
| || F || C || G ||
 +
|-
 +
| B{{b}} || || || || D
 +
|-
 +
| E{{b}} || || || || A
 +
|-
 +
| A{{b}} || || || || E
 +
|-
 +
| || D{{b}} || G{{b}} || B ||
 +
|}
 +
|
 +
[[File:P5_CW_Circle_of_5ths.png]]
 +
|}
 +
 +
Since the standard Western chromatic scale is composed of 12 notes, they match up to the 12 hours of an analog clock.  Closely-related keys are adjacent, both clockwise and counter-clockwise, while the distantly-related keys are opposite (6 fifths (or "hours") apart).
 +
 +
Moving only clockwise and using strict naming for each P5, we require to start using sharps once we hit 6 o'clock.  Notice that the sharp keys are enharmonic to the flat keys above.  Here's the same visualization using sharp keys instead of flats:
 +
 +
{|
 +
|-
 +
|
 +
{|
 +
| || E{{s}} || C || G ||
 +
|-
 +
| A{{s}} || || || || D
 +
|-
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| D{{s}} || || || || A
 +
|-
 +
| G{{s}} || || || || E
 +
|-
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| || C{{s}} || F{{s}} || B ||
 +
|}
 +
|
 +
[[File:P5_CW_Circle_of_5ths.png]]
 +
|}
 +
 +
If we kept going, B{{s}} would be the next P5 we reach at 12 o'clock, enharmonic to C.  We could keep going around and start using double, then triple sharps, and so on.  On the other hand, if we move strict P4's going clockwise, we get the following:
 +
 +
{|
 +
|-
 +
|
 +
{|
 +
| || F || C || A{{db}} ||
 +
|-
 +
| B{{b}} || || || || E{{db}}
 +
|-
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| E{{b}} || || || || B{{db}}
 +
|-
 +
| A{{b}} || || || || F{{b}}
 +
|-
 +
| || D{{b}} || G{{b}} || C{{b}} ||
 +
|}
 +
|
 +
[[File:P4_CCW_Circle_of_5ths.png]]
 +
|}
 +
 +
If we kept going, 12 o'clock would be D{{db}}, and again, we'd be venturing into double and triple flats and beyond.
 +
 +
And if 12 o'clock is the root, the interval between root and each note is as follows:
 +
 +
:{|
 +
| || {{P4|P4}} || {{U|R}} || {{P5|P5}} ||
 +
|-
 +
| {{Mn7|m7}} || || || || {{M2|M2}}
 +
|-
 +
| {{Mn3|m3}} || || || || {{M6|M6}}
 +
|-
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| {{Mn6|m6}} || || || || {{M3|M3}}
 +
|-
 +
| || {{Mn2|m2}} || {{tt|tt}} || {{M7|M7}} ||
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|}
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 +
Notice the 2 intervals of equal distance from the root are inversions of each other ({{P4|P4}} - {{P5|P5}}, {{Mn7|m7}} - {{M2|M2}}, {{Mn3|m3}} - {{M6|M6}}, {{Mn6|m6}} - {{M3|M3}}, {{Mn2|m2}} - {{M7|M7}}).
 +
 +
{{top}}
 +
 
== Tables of fifths w/ scales ==
 
== Tables of fifths w/ scales ==
−
===Major - Cb to C#===
+
 
−
{| class="wikitable"
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===Major - C{{b}} to C{{s}}===
 +
{{crumbs|blue|2
 +
|Ref: Circle of Fifths#Clock Visualization|Circle
 +
|Ref: Circle of Fifths#Tables of fifths w/ scales|Scales Grid
 +
|Ref: Circle of Fifths#Fifths and equivalents|Enharmonic 5ths
 +
|Ref: Circle of Fifths#Rules and Guidelines|Note Changes
 +
|Ref: Circle of Fifths#Equivalent Pitches for Scales Below/Above by Interval|Common Notes b/t Keys
 +
|Ref: Circle of Fifths#Harmony between Keys|Harmony b/t Keys}}
 +
 
 +
{{crumbs|blue2|1
 +
|Ref: Circle of Fifths#Major_-_C.E2.99.AD_to_C.E2.99.AF|Major
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|Ref: Circle of Fifths#Natural Minor - A.E2.99.AD to A.E2.99.AF|Natural Minor
 +
|Ref: Circle of Fifths#Harmonic Minor - A.E2.99.AD to A.E2.99.AF|Harmonic Minor}}
 +
 
 +
{| class="wikitable" cellpadding="10px"
 
|-
 
|-
−
! Key !!Cb !! Gb !! Db !! Ab !! Eb !! Bb !! F !! C !! G !! D !! A !! E !! B !! F# !! C#
+
! Key !!C{{b}} !! G{{b}} !! D{{b}} !! A{{b}} !! E{{b}} !! B{{b}} !! F !! C !! G !! D !! A !! E !! B !! F{{s}} !! C{{s}}
 
|-
 
|-
−
| Flats/Sharps||7 b's||6 b's || 5 b's || 4 b's || 3 b's || 2 b's || 1 b's || 0 b/#'s || 1 #'s || 2 #'s || 3 #'s || 4 #'s || 5 #'s || 6 #'s || 7 #'s
+
| Flats/<br>Sharps||7 {{b}}||6 {{b}} || 5 {{b}} || 4 {{b}} || 3 {{b}} || 2 {{b}} || 1 {{b}} || 0 {{b}}/{{s}} || 1 {{s}} || 2 {{s}} || 3 {{s}} || 4 {{s}} || 5 {{s}} || 6 {{s}} || 7 {{s}}
 
|-
 
|-
−
! Unison ||Cb || Gb || Db || Ab || Eb || Bb || F || C || G || D || A || E || B || F# || C#
+
| Uni ||C{{b}} || G{{b}} || D{{b}} || A{{b}} || E{{b}} || B{{b}} || F || C || G || D || A || E || B || F{{s}} || C{{s}}
 
|-
 
|-
−
| 2nd ||Db || Ab|| Eb || Bb || F || C || G || D || A || E|| B || F#|| C# || G# || D#
+
| 2nd ||D{{b}} || A{{b}}|| E{{b}} || B{{b}} || F || C || G || D || A || E|| B || F{{s}}|| C{{s}} || G{{s}} || D{{s}}
 
|-
 
|-
−
| 3rd ||Eb || Bb || F || C || G || D || A || E || B || F# || C# || G#|| D# || A# || E#
+
| 3rd ||E{{b}} || B{{b}} || F || C || G || D || A || E || B || F{{s}} || C{{s}} || G{{s}}|| D{{s}} || A{{s}} || E{{s}}
 
|-
 
|-
−
! 4th ||Fb || Cb || Gb || Db || Ab || Eb || Bb || F || C || G || D || A|| E || B || F#
+
| 4th ||F{{b}} || C{{b}} || G{{b}} || D{{b}} || A{{b}} || E{{b}} || B{{b}} || F || C || G || D || A|| E || B || F{{s}}
 
|-
 
|-
−
| 5th ||Gb || Db || Ab || Eb || Bb || F || C || G || D || A || E|| B|| F# || C# || G#
+
| 5th ||G{{b}} || D{{b}} || A{{b}} || E{{b}} || B{{b}} || F || C || G || D || A || E|| B|| F{{s}} || C{{s}} || G{{s}}
 
|-
 
|-
−
| 6th ||Ab || Eb || Bb || F || C || G || D || A || E || B || F#|| C#|| G# || D# || A#
+
| 6th ||A{{b}} || E{{b}} || B{{b}} || F || C || G || D || A || E || B || F{{s}}|| C{{s}}|| G{{s}} || D{{s}} || A{{s}}
 
|-
 
|-
−
! 7th ||Bb || F || C || G || D || A || E || B || F# || C# || G#|| D#|| A# || E# || B#
+
| 7th ||B{{b}} || F || C || G || D || A || E || B || F{{s}} || C{{s}} || G{{s}}|| D{{s}}|| A{{s}} || E{{s}} || B{{s}}
 
|-
 
|-
−
| Oct ||Cb || Gb || Db || Ab || Eb || Bb || F || C || G || D || A|| E|| B || F# || C#
+
| Oct ||C{{b}} || G{{b}} || D{{b}} || A{{b}} || E{{b}} || B{{b}} || F || C || G || D || A|| E|| B || F{{s}} || C{{s}}
 
|}
 
|}
−
Notice the 4ths and 7ths - this is where the notes flatten/sharpen when shifting keys up/down a fifth (or down/up a fourth).
+
Notice the 4ths and 7ths - this is where the notes flatted/sharped when shifting keys up/down a fifth (or down/up a fourth).
 +
 
 +
{{top}}
 +
 
 +
===Natural Minor - A{{b}} to A{{s}}===
 +
{{crumbs|blue|2
 +
|Ref: Circle of Fifths#Clock Visualization|Circle
 +
|Ref: Circle of Fifths#Tables of fifths w/ scales|Scales Grid
 +
|Ref: Circle of Fifths#Fifths and equivalents|Enharmonic 5ths
 +
|Ref: Circle of Fifths#Rules and Guidelines|Note Changes
 +
|Ref: Circle of Fifths#Equivalent Pitches for Scales Below/Above by Interval|Common Notes b/t Keys
 +
|Ref: Circle of Fifths#Harmony between Keys|Harmony b/t Keys}}
 +
 
 +
{{crumbs|blue2|2
 +
|Ref: Circle of Fifths#Major_-_C.E2.99.AD_to_C.E2.99.AF|Major
 +
|Ref: Circle of Fifths#Natural Minor - A.E2.99.AD to A.E2.99.AF|Natural Minor
 +
|Ref: Circle of Fifths#Harmonic Minor - A.E2.99.AD to A.E2.99.AF|Harmonic Minor}}
  
−
===Natural Minor - Ab to A#===
 
 
{| class="wikitable"
 
{| class="wikitable"
 
|-
 
|-
−
! Key !!Ab !! Eb !! Bb !! F !! C !! G !! D !! A !! E !! B !! F# !! C# !! G# !! D# !! A#
+
! Key !!A{{b}} !! E{{b}} !! B{{b}} !! F !! C !! G !! D !! A !! E !! B !! F{{s}} !! C{{s}} !! G{{s}} !! D{{s}} !! A{{s}}
 
|-
 
|-
−
| Flats/Sharps||7 b's||6 b's || 5 b's || 4 b's || 3 b's || 2 b's || 1 b's || 0 b/#'s || 1 #'s || 2 #'s || 3 #'s || 4 #'s || 5 #'s || 6 #'s || 7 #'s
+
| Flats/<br>Sharps||7 {{b}}||6 {{b}} || 5 {{b}} || 4 {{b}} || 3 {{b}} || 2 {{b}} || 1 {{b}} || 0 {{b}}/{{s}} || 1 {{s}} || 2 {{s}} || 3 {{s}} || 4 {{s}} || 5 {{s}} || 6 {{s}} || 7 {{s}}
 
|-
 
|-
−
| Uni ||Ab || Eb || Bb || F || C || G || D || A || E || B || F#|| C#|| G# || D# || A#
+
| Uni ||A{{b}} || E{{b}} || B{{b}} || F || C || G || D || A || E || B || F{{s}}|| C{{s}}|| G{{s}} || D{{s}} || A{{s}}
 
|-
 
|-
−
! 2nd ||Bb || F || C || G || D || A || E || B || F# || C# || G#|| D#|| A# || E# || B#
+
| 2nd ||B{{b}} || F || C || G || D || A || E || B || F{{s}} || C{{s}} || G{{s}}|| D{{s}}|| A{{s}} || E{{s}} || B{{s}}
 
|-
 
|-
−
| 3rd ||Cb || Gb || Db || Ab || Eb || Bb || F || C || G || D || A|| E|| B || F# || C#
+
| 3rd ||C{{b}} || G{{b}} || D{{b}} || A{{b}} || E{{b}} || B{{b}} || F || C || G || D || A|| E|| B || F{{s}} || C{{s}}
 
|-
 
|-
−
| 4nd ||Db || Ab|| Eb || Bb || F || C || G || D || A || E|| B || F#|| C# || G# || D#
+
| 4nd ||D{{b}} || A{{b}}|| E{{b}} || B{{b}} || F || C || G || D || A || E|| B || F{{s}}|| C{{s}} || G{{s}} || D{{s}}
 
|-
 
|-
−
| 5rd ||Eb || Bb || F || C || G || D || A || E || B || F# || C# || G#|| D# || A# || E#
+
| 5rd ||E{{b}} || B{{b}} || F || C || G || D || A || E || B || F{{s}} || C{{s}} || G{{s}}|| D{{s}} || A{{s}} || E{{s}}
 
|-
 
|-
−
! 6th ||Fb || Cb || Gb || Db || Ab || Eb || Bb || F || C || G || D || A|| E || B || F#
+
| 6th ||F{{b}} || C{{b}} || G{{b}} || D{{b}} || A{{b}} || E{{b}} || B{{b}} || F || C || G || D || A|| E || B || F{{s}}
 
|-
 
|-
−
| 7th ||Gb || Db || Ab || Eb || Bb || F || C || G || D || A || E|| B|| F# || C# || G#
+
| 7th ||G{{b}} || D{{b}} || A{{b}} || E{{b}} || B{{b}} || F || C || G || D || A || E|| B|| F{{s}} || C{{s}} || G{{s}}
 
|-
 
|-
−
| Oct ||Ab || Eb || Bb || F || C || G || D || A || E || B || F#|| C#|| G# || D# || A#
+
| Oct ||A{{b}} || E{{b}} || B{{b}} || F || C || G || D || A || E || B || F{{s}}|| C{{s}}|| G{{s}} || D{{s}} || A{{s}}
 
|}
 
|}
  
−
Notice the 2nds and 6ths - this is where the notes flatten/sharpen when shifting keys up/down a fifth (or down/up a fourth).
+
Notice the 2nds and 6ths - this is where the notes flatted/sharped when shifting keys up/down a fifth (or down/up a fourth).
 +
 
 +
{{top}}
 +
 
 +
===Harmonic Minor - A{{b}} to A{{s}}===
 +
{{crumbs|blue|2
 +
|Ref: Circle of Fifths#Clock Visualization|Circle
 +
|Ref: Circle of Fifths#Tables of fifths w/ scales|Scales Grid
 +
|Ref: Circle of Fifths#Fifths and equivalents|Enharmonic 5ths
 +
|Ref: Circle of Fifths#Rules and Guidelines|Note Changes
 +
|Ref: Circle of Fifths#Equivalent Pitches for Scales Below/Above by Interval|Common Notes b/t Keys
 +
|Ref: Circle of Fifths#Harmony between Keys|Harmony b/t Keys}}
 +
 
 +
{{crumbs|blue2|3
 +
|Ref: Circle of Fifths#Major_-_C.E2.99.AD_to_C.E2.99.AF|Major
 +
|Ref: Circle of Fifths#Natural Minor - A.E2.99.AD to A.E2.99.AF|Natural Minor
 +
|Ref: Circle of Fifths#Harmonic Minor - A.E2.99.AD to A.E2.99.AF|Harmonic Minor}}
  
−
===Harmonic Minor - Ab to A#===
 
 
{| class="wikitable"
 
{| class="wikitable"
 
|-
 
|-
−
! Key !!Ab !! Eb !! Bb !! F !! C !! G !! D !! A !! E !! B !! F# !! C# !! G# !! D# !! A#
+
! Key !!A{{b}} !! E{{b}} !! B{{b}} !! F !! C !! G !! D !! A !! E !! B !! F{{s}} !! C{{s}} !! G{{s}} !! D{{s}} !! A{{s}}
 
|-
 
|-
−
| Uni ||Ab || Eb || Bb || F || C || G || D || A || E || B || F#|| C#|| G# || D# || A#
+
| Uni ||A{{b}} || E{{b}} || B{{b}} || F || C || G || D || A || E || B || F{{s}}|| C{{s}}|| G{{s}} || D{{s}} || A{{s}}
 
|-
 
|-
−
! 2nd ||Bb || F || C || G || D || A || E || B || F# || C# || G#|| D#|| A# || E# || B#
+
| 2nd ||B{{b}} || F || C || G || D || A || E || B || F{{s}} || C{{s}} || G{{s}}|| D{{s}}|| A{{s}} || E{{s}} || B{{s}}
 
|-
 
|-
−
! 3rd ||Cb || Gb || Db || Ab || Eb || Bb || F || C || G || D || A|| E|| B || F# || C#
+
| 3rd ||C{{b}} || G{{b}} || D{{b}} || A{{b}} || E{{b}} || B{{b}} || F || C || G || D || A|| E|| B || F{{s}} || C{{s}}
 
|-
 
|-
−
| 4nd ||Db || Ab|| Eb || Bb || F || C || G || D || A || E|| B || F#|| C# || G# || D#
+
| 4nd ||D{{b}} || A{{b}}|| E{{b}} || B{{b}} || F || C || G || D || A || E|| B || F{{s}}|| C{{s}} || G{{s}} || D{{s}}
 
|-
 
|-
−
| 5rd ||Eb || Bb || F || C || G || D || A || E || B || F# || C# || G#|| D# || A# || E#
+
| 5rd ||E{{b}} || B{{b}} || F || C || G || D || A || E || B || F{{s}} || C{{s}} || G{{s}}|| D{{s}} || A{{s}} || E{{s}}
 
|-
 
|-
−
! 6th ||Fb || Cb || Gb || Db || Ab || Eb || Bb || F || C || G || D || A|| E || B || F#
+
| 6th ||F{{b}} || C{{b}} || G{{b}} || D{{b}} || A{{b}} || E{{b}} || B{{b}} || F || C || G || D || A|| E || B || F{{s}}
 
|-
 
|-
−
! 7th ||G  || D  || A  || E  || B  || F# || C# || G# || D# || A# || E#|| B#|| F## || C## || G##
+
| 7th ||G  || D  || A  || E  || B  || F{{s}} || C{{s}} || G{{s}} || D{{s}} || A{{s}} || E{{s}}|| B{{s}}|| F{{ds}} || C{{ds}} || G{{ds}}
 
|-
 
|-
−
| Oct ||Ab || Eb || Bb || F || C || G || D || A || E || B || F#|| C#|| G# || D# || A#
+
| Oct ||A{{b}} || E{{b}} || B{{b}} || F || C || G || D || A || E || B || F{{s}}|| C{{s}}|| G{{s}} || D{{s}} || A{{s}}
 
|}
 
|}
 +
 +
{{top}}
  
 
== Fifths and equivalents ==
 
== Fifths and equivalents ==
 +
{{crumbs|blue|3
 +
|Ref: Circle of Fifths#Clock Visualization|Circle
 +
|Ref: Circle of Fifths#Tables of fifths w/ scales|Scales Grid
 +
|Ref: Circle of Fifths#Fifths and equivalents|Enharmonic 5ths
 +
|Ref: Circle of Fifths#Rules and Guidelines|Note Changes
 +
|Ref: Circle of Fifths#Equivalent Pitches for Scales Below/Above by Interval|Common Notes b/t Keys
 +
|Ref: Circle of Fifths#Harmony between Keys|Harmony b/t Keys}}
 +
 
All columns are equivalent pitches.  Each cell is a perfect fifth above the cell to its left.
 
All columns are equivalent pitches.  Each cell is a perfect fifth above the cell to its left.
 
{| class="wikitable"
 
{| class="wikitable"
 
|-
 
|-
−
| Ebbbb || Bbbbb || Fbbb || Cbbb || Gbbb || Dbbb || Abbb || Ebbb || Bbbb || Fbb || Cbb || Gbb || Dbb
+
| E{{db}}{{db}} || B{{db}}{{db}} || F{{db}}{{b}} || C{{db}}{{b}} || G{{db}}{{b}} || D{{db}}{{b}} || A{{db}}{{b}} || E{{db}}{{b}} || B{{db}}{{b}} || F{{db}} || C{{db}} || G{{db}} || D{{db}}
 
|-
 
|-
−
| Dbb || Abb || Ebb || Bbb || Fb || Cb || Gb || Db || Ab || Eb || Bb || F || C
+
| D{{db}} || A{{db}} || E{{db}} || B{{db}} || F{{b}} || C{{b}} || G{{b}} || D{{b}} || A{{b}} || E{{b}} || B{{b}} || F || C
 
|-
 
|-
−
| C || G || D || A || E || B || F# || C# || G# || D# || A# || E# || B#
+
| C || G || D || A || E || B || F{{s}} || C{{s}} || G{{s}} || D{{s}} || A{{s}} || E{{s}} || B{{s}}
 
|-
 
|-
−
| B# || F## || C## || G## || D## || A## || E## || B## || F### || C### || G### || D### || A###
+
| B{{s}} || F{{ds}} || C{{ds}} || G{{ds}} || D{{ds}} || A{{ds}} || E{{ds}} || B{{ds}} || F{{ds}}{{s}} || C{{ds}}{{s}} || G{{ds}}{{s}} || D{{ds}}{{s}} || A{{ds}}{{s}}
 
|-
 
|-
−
| A### || E### || B### || F#### || C#### || G#### || D#### || A#### || E#### || B#### || F##### || C##### || G#####
+
| A{{ds}}{{s}} || E{{ds}}{{s}} || B{{ds}}{{s}} || F{{ds}}{{ds}} || C{{ds}}{{ds}} || G{{ds}}{{ds}} || D{{ds}}{{ds}} || A{{ds}}{{ds}} || E{{ds}}{{ds}} || B{{ds}}{{ds}} || F{{ds}}{{ds}}{{s}} || C{{ds}}{{ds}}{{s}} || G{{ds}}{{ds}}{{s}}
  
 
|}
 
|}
 +
 +
{{top}}
  
 
== Rules and Guidelines ==
 
== Rules and Guidelines ==
 +
{{crumbs|blue|4
 +
|Ref: Circle of Fifths#Clock Visualization|Circle
 +
|Ref: Circle of Fifths#Tables of fifths w/ scales|Scales Grid
 +
|Ref: Circle of Fifths#Fifths and equivalents|Enharmonic 5ths
 +
|Ref: Circle of Fifths#Rules and Guidelines|Note Changes
 +
|Ref: Circle of Fifths#Equivalent Pitches for Scales Below/Above by Interval|Common Notes b/t Keys
 +
|Ref: Circle of Fifths#Harmony between Keys|Harmony b/t Keys}}
 +
 
The 1.____ scale a perfect fifth 2.____ the current scale contains the same notes but the 3.___ in the current scale is 4.____ to become the 5.____ of the new scale.
 
The 1.____ scale a perfect fifth 2.____ the current scale contains the same notes but the 3.___ in the current scale is 4.____ to become the 5.____ of the new scale.
  
Line 96: Line 254:
 
! 1 !! 2 !! 3 !! 4 !! 5
 
! 1 !! 2 !! 3 !! 4 !! 5
 
|-
 
|-
−
| major || above || P4 || sharped || M7
+
| major || above || {{P4|P4}} || sharped || {{M7|M7}}
 
|-
 
|-
−
| minor || above || M6 || sharped || M2
+
| minor || above || {{Mn6|m6}} || sharped || {{M2|M2}}
 
|-
 
|-
−
| major || below || M7 || flattened || P4
+
| major || below || {{M7|M7}} || flatted || {{P4|P4}}
 
|-
 
|-
−
| minor || below || M2 || flattened || m6
+
| minor || below || {{M2|M2}} || flatted || {{Mn6|m6}}
 
|}
 
|}
 +
 +
{{top}}
  
 
== Equivalent Pitches for Scales Below/Above by Interval ==
 
== Equivalent Pitches for Scales Below/Above by Interval ==
−
Modulating from any major scale to a new major scale that is ___ interval above/below the original key has ___ same pitches and #/b per note:
+
{{crumbs|blue|5
 +
|Ref: Circle of Fifths#Clock Visualization|Circle
 +
|Ref: Circle of Fifths#Tables of fifths w/ scales|Scales Grid
 +
|Ref: Circle of Fifths#Fifths and equivalents|Enharmonic 5ths
 +
|Ref: Circle of Fifths#Rules and Guidelines|Note Changes
 +
|Ref: Circle of Fifths#Equivalent Pitches for Scales Below/Above by Interval|Common Notes b/t Keys
 +
|Ref: Circle of Fifths#Harmony between Keys|Harmony b/t Keys}}
 +
 
 +
Modulating from any major scale to a new major scale that is ___ interval above/below the original key has ___ same pitches and {{s}}/{{b}} per note:
 
{| class="wikitable"
 
{| class="wikitable"
 
|-  
 
|-  
 
! Interval Above Root  
 
! Interval Above Root  
−
|  Uni || m2 || M2 || m3 || M3 || P4 || d5 || P5 || m6 || M6 || D7 || M7
+
|  {{U|Uni}} || {{Mn2|m2}} || {{M2|M2}} || {{Mn3|m3}} || {{M3|M3}} || {{P4|P4}} || {{tt|tt}} || {{P5|P5}} || {{Mn6|m6}} || {{M6|M6}} || {{Mn7|m7}} || {{M7|M7}}
 
|-
 
|-
 
! Interval Below Root  
 
! Interval Below Root  
−
| Uni || M7 || D7 || M6 || m6 || P5 || d5 || P4 || M3 || m3 || M2 || m2
+
| {{U|Uni}} || {{M7|M7}} || {{Mn7|m7}} || {{M6|M6}} || {{Mn6|m6}} || {{P5|P5}} || {{tt|tt}} || {{P4|P4}} || {{M3|M3}} || {{Mn3|m3}} || {{M2|M2}} || {{Mn2|m2}}
 
|-  
 
|-  
 
!Example Major Key vs C Major
 
!Example Major Key vs C Major
−
| C || C# || D || D# || E || F || F# || G || G# || A || A# || B  
+
| C  
 +
|class="blackKey"| C{{s}} || D  
 +
|class="blackKey"| D{{s}} || E || F  
 +
|class="blackKey"| F{{s}} || G  
 +
|class="blackKey"| G{{s}} || A  
 +
|class="blackKey"| A{{s}} || B  
 
|-  
 
|-  
 
!Number of Common Pitches  
 
!Number of Common Pitches  
 
| 7 || 2 || 5 || 4 || 3 || 6 || 2 || 6 || 3 || 4 || 5 || 2
 
| 7 || 2 || 5 || 4 || 3 || 6 || 2 || 6 || 3 || 4 || 5 || 2
 
|}
 
|}
−
 
  
 
Which means the most harmonic key changes are:
 
Which means the most harmonic key changes are:
Line 130: Line 302:
 
|6 || P4, P5 ||
 
|6 || P4, P5 ||
 
|-  
 
|-  
−
|5 || M2 || D7
+
|5 || M2 || m7
 
|-  
 
|-  
 
|4 || M6 || m3
 
|4 || M6 || m3
Line 136: Line 308:
 
|3 || M3 || m6
 
|3 || M3 || m6
 
|-
 
|-
−
|2 || M7 || m2, d5
+
|2 || M7 || m2, tt
 
|}
 
|}
 
<nowiki>*</nowiki> Note: All intervals in above table are ''above'' the root note
 
<nowiki>*</nowiki> Note: All intervals in above table are ''above'' the root note
 +
 +
{{top}}
  
 
=== Harmonic Minor ===
 
=== Harmonic Minor ===
 
{| class = "wikitable"
 
{| class = "wikitable"
 
|-
 
|-
−
! Key !! Eb !! Bb !! F !! C !! G !! D !! A !! E !! B !! F# !! C# !! G# !! D#
+
! Key !! E{{b}} !! B{{b}} !! F !! C !! G !! D !! A !! E !! B !! F{{s}} !! C{{s}} !! G{{s}} !! D{{s}}
 
|-
 
|-
−
! Notes in<br />common w/ A
+
! Notes in<br />common w/ Ahm
 
| 4 || 3 || 4 || 4 || 3 || 4 || 7 || 4 || 3 || 4 || 4 || 3 || 4
 
| 4 || 3 || 4 || 4 || 3 || 4 || 7 || 4 || 3 || 4 || 4 || 3 || 4
 
|}
 
|}
Line 152: Line 326:
 
|-  
 
|-  
 
! Interval Above Root  
 
! Interval Above Root  
−
|  Uni || m2 || M2 || m3 || M3 || P4 || d5 || P5 || m6 || M6 || D7 || M7
+
|  Uni || m2 || M2 || m3 || M3 || P4 || d5 || P5 || m6 || M6 || m7 || M7
 
|-
 
|-
 
! Interval Below Root  
 
! Interval Below Root  
−
| Uni || M7 || D7 || M6 || m6 || P5 || d5 || P4 || M3 || m3 || M2 || m2
+
| Uni || M7 || m7 || M6 || m6 || P5 || d5 || P4 || M3 || m3 || M2 || m2
 
|-  
 
|-  
 
!Example Harm Minor Key vs A Harm Minor
 
!Example Harm Minor Key vs A Harm Minor
−
|  A || A# || B || C || C# || D || D# || E || F || F# || G || G#
+
|  A  
 +
|class="blackKey"| A{{s}} || B || C  
 +
|class="blackKey"| C{{s}} || D  
 +
|class="blackKey"| D{{s}} || E || F  
 +
|class="blackKey"| F{{s}} || G  
 +
|class="blackKey"| G{{s}}
 
|-  
 
|-  
 
!Number of Common Pitches  
 
!Number of Common Pitches  
 
| 7 || 3 || 3 || 4 || 4 || 4 || 4 || 4 || 4 || 4 || 3 || 3
 
| 7 || 3 || 3 || 4 || 4 || 4 || 4 || 4 || 4 || 4 || 3 || 3
 
|}
 
|}
−
 
  
 
{| class = "wikitable"
 
{| class = "wikitable"
Line 173: Line 351:
 
|3 || M2, M7 || m2, m7
 
|3 || M2, M7 || m2, m7
 
|}
 
|}
 +
 +
{{top}}
  
 
== Harmony between Keys ==
 
== Harmony between Keys ==
−
=== Major to Major ===
+
{{crumbs|blue|6
 +
|Ref: Circle of Fifths#Clock Visualization|Circle
 +
|Ref: Circle of Fifths#Tables of fifths w/ scales|Scales Grid
 +
|Ref: Circle of Fifths#Fifths and equivalents|Enharmonic 5ths
 +
|Ref: Circle of Fifths#Rules and Guidelines|Note Changes
 +
|Ref: Circle of Fifths#Equivalent Pitches for Scales Below/Above by Interval|Common Notes b/t Keys
 +
|Ref: Circle of Fifths#Harmony between Keys|Harmony b/t Keys}}
 +
=== From Major ===
 +
 
 +
==== to Major ====
 +
{{crumbs|blue2|1
 +
|Ref: Circle of Fifths#From Major|From Major
 +
|Ref: Circle of Fifths#From Minor|From Minor
 +
|Ref: Circle of Fifths#From Harmonic Minor|From Harm Minor
 +
|Ref: Circle of Fifths#Common Notes Table|Common Notes}}
 +
 
 +
{{crumbs|blue3|1
 +
|Ref: Circle of Fifths#to Major|to Major
 +
|Ref: Circle of Fifths#to Minor|to Nat Minor
 +
|Ref: Circle of Fifths#to Harmonic Minor|to Harm Minor}}
 
{| class = "wikitable"
 
{| class = "wikitable"
 
|-  
 
|-  
−
!Common Notes !! Diatonic Keys !! Non-Diatonic Keys  
+
!Common Notes !! Diatonic Keys !! Non-Diatonic Keys !! Example
 
|-  
 
|-  
 
!6  
 
!6  
−
| P4, P5 ||
+
| P4, P5 || || C -> G
 
|-  
 
|-  
 
!5  
 
!5  
−
| M2 || D7
+
| M2 || m7 || C -> D
 
|-  
 
|-  
 
!4  
 
!4  
−
| M6 || m3
+
| M6 || m3 || C -> A
 
|-
 
|-
 
!3  
 
!3  
−
| M3 || m6
+
| M3 || m6 || C -> E
 
|-
 
|-
 
!2  
 
!2  
−
| M7 || m2, d5
+
| M7 || m2, d5 || C -> B
 
|}
 
|}
  
−
=== Minor to Minor ===
+
{{top}}
  
−
=== Harmonic Minor to Minor ===
+
==== to Minor ====
 +
{{crumbs|blue2|1
 +
|Ref: Circle of Fifths#From Major|From Major
 +
|Ref: Circle of Fifths#From Minor|From Minor
 +
|Ref: Circle of Fifths#From Harmonic Minor|From Harm Minor
 +
|Ref: Circle of Fifths#Common Notes Table|Common Notes}}
  
−
=== Major to Minor ===
+
{{crumbs|blue3|2
 +
|Ref: Circle of Fifths#to Major|to Major
 +
|Ref: Circle of Fifths#to Minor|to Nat Minor
 +
|Ref: Circle of Fifths#to Harmonic Minor|to Harm Minor}}
 
{| class = "wikitable"
 
{| class = "wikitable"
 
|-  
 
|-  
Line 221: Line 428:
 
|-
 
|-
 
!2  
 
!2  
−
|  || m6, m7, m3 || C -> Abm
+
|  || m6, m7, m3 || C -> A{{b}}m
 +
|}
 +
 
 +
{{top}}
 +
 
 +
==== to Harmonic Minor ====
 +
{{crumbs|blue2|1
 +
|Ref: Circle of Fifths#From Major|From Major
 +
|Ref: Circle of Fifths#From Minor|From Minor
 +
|Ref: Circle of Fifths#From Harmonic Minor|From Harm Minor
 +
|Ref: Circle of Fifths#Common Notes Table|Common Notes}}
 +
 
 +
{{crumbs|blue3|3
 +
|Ref: Circle of Fifths#to Major|to Major
 +
|Ref: Circle of Fifths#to Minor|to Nat Minor
 +
|Ref: Circle of Fifths#to Harmonic Minor|to Harm Minor}}
 +
{| class = "wikitable"
 +
|-
 +
!Common Notes !! Diatonic Keys !! Non-Diatonic Keys !! Example
 +
|-
 +
!6
 +
| M6 || || C -> Ahm
 +
|-
 +
!5
 +
| U, M2, M3 || || C -> Dhm
 +
|-
 +
!4
 +
| M7 || d5, m7 || C -> Bhm
 +
|-
 +
!3
 +
| P4, P5 || m2, m3, m6 || C -> Ghm
 
|}
 
|}
  
−
=== Minor to Major ===
+
{{top}}
 +
 
 +
=== From Minor ===
 +
 
 +
==== to Major ====
 +
{{crumbs|blue2|2
 +
|Ref: Circle of Fifths#From Major|From Major
 +
|Ref: Circle of Fifths#From Minor|From Minor
 +
|Ref: Circle of Fifths#From Harmonic Minor|From Harm Minor
 +
|Ref: Circle of Fifths#Common Notes Table|Common Notes}}
 +
 
 +
{{crumbs|blue3|1
 +
|Ref: Circle of Fifths#to Major_2|to Major
 +
|Ref: Circle of Fifths#to Minor_2|to Nat Minor
 +
|Ref: Circle of Fifths#to Harmonic Minor_2|to Harm Minor}}
 
{| class = "wikitable"
 
{| class = "wikitable"
 
|-  
 
|-  
Line 248: Line 499:
 
|}
 
|}
  
−
=== Major to Harmonic Minor ===
+
{{top}}
 +
 
 +
==== to Minor ====
 +
{{crumbs|blue2|2
 +
|Ref: Circle of Fifths#From Major|From Major
 +
|Ref: Circle of Fifths#From Minor|From Minor
 +
|Ref: Circle of Fifths#From Harmonic Minor|From Harm Minor
 +
|Ref: Circle of Fifths#Common Notes Table|Common Notes}}
 +
 
 +
{{crumbs|blue3|2
 +
|Ref: Circle of Fifths#to Major_2|to Major
 +
|Ref: Circle of Fifths#to Minor_2|to Nat Minor
 +
|Ref: Circle of Fifths#to Harmonic Minor_2|to Harm Minor}}
 
{| class = "wikitable"
 
{| class = "wikitable"
 
|-  
 
|-  
 
!Common Notes !! Diatonic Keys !! Non-Diatonic Keys !! Example
 
!Common Notes !! Diatonic Keys !! Non-Diatonic Keys !! Example
−
|-
+
|-  
 
!6  
 
!6  
−
| M6 || || C -> Ahm
+
| P4, P5 || || Am -> Em
 
|-  
 
|-  
 
!5  
 
!5  
−
| M2, M3 || || C -> Dhm
+
| M2, m7 || || Am -> Bm
 
|-  
 
|-  
 
!4  
 
!4  
−
| U, M7 || d5, m7 || C -> Chm
+
| m3 || M6 || Am -> Cm
−
|-  
+
|-
 
!3  
 
!3  
−
| P4, P5 || m2, m3, m6 || C -> Ghm
+
| m6 || M3 || Am -> Fm
 +
|-
 +
!2
 +
| || m2, d5, M7 || Am -> E{{b}}m
 
|}
 
|}
  
−
=== Minor to Harmonic Minor ===
+
{{top}}
 +
 
 +
==== to Harmonic Minor ====
 +
{{crumbs|blue2|2
 +
|Ref: Circle of Fifths#From Major|From Major
 +
|Ref: Circle of Fifths#From Minor|From Minor
 +
|Ref: Circle of Fifths#From Harmonic Minor|From Harm Minor
 +
|Ref: Circle of Fifths#Common Notes Table|Common Notes}}
 +
 
 +
{{crumbs|blue3|3
 +
|Ref: Circle of Fifths#to Major_2|to Major
 +
|Ref: Circle of Fifths#to Minor_2|to Nat Minor
 +
|Ref: Circle of Fifths#to Harmonic Minor_2|to Harm Minor}}
 
{| class = "wikitable"
 
{| class = "wikitable"
 
|-  
 
|-  
Line 284: Line 562:
 
|}
 
|}
  
−
=== Harmonic Minor to Major ===
+
{{top}}
 +
 
 +
=== From Harmonic Minor ===
 +
 
 +
==== to Major ====
 +
{{crumbs|blue2|4
 +
|Ref: Circle of Fifths#From Major|From Major
 +
|Ref: Circle of Fifths#From Minor|From Minor
 +
|Ref: Circle of Fifths#From Harmonic Minor|From Harm Minor
 +
|Ref: Circle of Fifths#Common Notes Table|Common Notes}}
 +
 
 +
{{crumbs|blue3|1
 +
|Ref: Circle of Fifths#to Major_3|to Major
 +
|Ref: Circle of Fifths#to Minor_3|to Nat Minor
 +
|Ref: Circle of Fifths#to Harmonic Minor_3|to Harm Minor}}
 
{| class = "wikitable"
 
{| class = "wikitable"
 
|-  
 
|-  
Line 302: Line 594:
 
|}
 
|}
  
−
=== Harmonic Minor to Minor ===
+
{{top}}
 +
 
 +
==== to Minor ====
 +
{{crumbs|blue2|3
 +
|Ref: Circle of Fifths#From Major|From Major
 +
|Ref: Circle of Fifths#From Minor|From Minor
 +
|Ref: Circle of Fifths#From Harmonic Minor|From Harm Minor
 +
|Ref: Circle of Fifths#Common Notes Table|Common Notes}}
 +
 
 +
{{crumbs|blue3|2
 +
|Ref: Circle of Fifths#to Major_3|to Major
 +
|Ref: Circle of Fifths#to Minor_3|to Nat Minor
 +
|Ref: Circle of Fifths#to Harmonic Minor_3|to Harm Minor}}
 
{| class = "wikitable"
 
{| class = "wikitable"
 
|-  
 
|-  
Line 319: Line 623:
 
| m6, M2 || M3, d5, m2 || Ahm -> Fm
 
| m6, M2 || M3, d5, m2 || Ahm -> Fm
 
|}
 
|}
 +
 +
{{top}}
 +
 +
==== to Harmonic Minor ====
 +
{{crumbs|blue2|3
 +
|Ref: Circle of Fifths#From Major|From Major
 +
|Ref: Circle of Fifths#From Minor|From Minor
 +
|Ref: Circle of Fifths#From Harmonic Minor|From Harm Minor
 +
|Ref: Circle of Fifths#Common Notes Table|Common Notes}}
 +
 +
{{crumbs|blue3|3
 +
|Ref: Circle of Fifths#to Major_3|to Major
 +
|Ref: Circle of Fifths#to Minor_3|to Nat Minor
 +
|Ref: Circle of Fifths#to Harmonic Minor_3|to Harm Minor}}
 +
 +
{| class = "wikitable"
 +
|-
 +
!Common Notes !! Diatonic Keys !! Non-Diatonic Keys !! Example
 +
|-
 +
!4
 +
| m3, P4, P5, m6 || M3, d5, M6 || Ahm -> Chm
 +
|-
 +
!3
 +
| M2, M7 || m2, m7 || Ahm -> Bhm
 +
|}
 +
 +
{{top}}
 +
 +
 +
=== Common Notes Table ===
 +
{{crumbs|blue2|4
 +
|Ref: Circle of Fifths#From Major|From Major
 +
|Ref: Circle of Fifths#From Minor|From Minor
 +
|Ref: Circle of Fifths#From Harmonic Minor|From Harm Minor
 +
|Ref: Circle of Fifths#Common Notes Table|Common Notes}}
 +
 +
{|
 +
|-
 +
|
 +
{|class="wikitable"
 +
|+ Ordered by Half-Steps
 +
!colspan="2"|
 +
!colspan="3"| Key 2 Type
 +
|-
 +
! Key 1 Type
 +
! Key 2 Root's<br>relation to<br>Key 1 Root
 +
! Major !! Minor !! Harmonic<br>Minor
 +
|-
 +
!rowspan="13"| Major
 +
|-
 +
| {{U|'''U'''}} || '''7''' || 4 || 5
 +
|-
 +
| {{Mn2|m2}} || 2 || 3 || 3
 +
|-
 +
| '''{{M2|M2}}''' || 5 || '''6''' || 5
 +
|-
 +
| {{Mn3|m3}} || 4 || 2 || 3
 +
|-
 +
| '''{{M3|M3}}''' || 3 || '''6''' || 5
 +
|-
 +
| '''{{P4|P4}}''' || '''6''' || 3 || 3
 +
|-
 +
| {{tt|tt}} || 2 || 4 || 4
 +
|-
 +
| '''{{P5|P5}}''' || '''6''' || 5 || 3
 +
|-
 +
| {{Mn6|m6}} || 3 || 2 || 3
 +
|-
 +
| '''{{M6|M6}}''' || 4 || '''7''' || '''6'''
 +
|-
 +
| {{Mn7|m7}} || 5 || 2 || 4
 +
|-
 +
| '''{{M7|M7}}''' || 2 || 5 || 4
 +
|-
 +
!rowspan="13"| Minor
 +
|-
 +
| {{U|'''U'''}}  || 4 || '''7''' || '''6'''
 +
|-               
 +
| {{Mn2|m2}} || 5 || 2 || 4
 +
|-               
 +
| '''{{M2|M2}}''' || 2 || 5 || 4
 +
|-
 +
| '''{{Mn3|m3}}''' || '''7''' || 4 || 5
 +
|-               
 +
| {{M3|M3}} || 2 || 3 || 3
 +
|-               
 +
| '''{{P4|P4}}''' || 5 || '''6''' || 5
 +
|-               
 +
| {{tt|tt}} || 4 || 2 || 3
 +
|-               
 +
| '''{{P5|P5}}''' || 3 || '''6''' || 5
 +
|-               
 +
| '''{{Mn6|m6}}''' || '''6''' || 3 || 3
 +
|-               
 +
| {{M6|M6}} || 2 || 4 || 4
 +
|-               
 +
| '''{{Mn7|m7}}''' || '''6''' || 5 || 3
 +
|-               
 +
| {{M7|M7}} || 3 || 2 || 3
 +
|-
 +
!rowspan="13"| Harmonic Minor
 +
|-
 +
| {{U|'''U'''}} || 4 || '''6''' || '''7'''
 +
|-
 +
| {{Mn2|m2}} || 4 || 3 || 3
 +
|-
 +
| '''{{M2|M2}}''' || 4 || 3 || 3
 +
|-
 +
| '''{{Mn3|m3}}''' || '''6''' || 4 || 4
 +
|-
 +
| {{M3|M3}} || 3 || 3 || 4
 +
|-
 +
| '''{{P4|P4}}''' || 3 || '''5''' || 4
 +
|-
 +
| {{tt|tt}} || 4 || 3 || 4
 +
|-
 +
| '''{{P5|P5}}''' || 3 || '''5''' || 4
 +
|-
 +
| '''{{Mn6|m6}}''' || '''5''' || 3 || 4
 +
|-
 +
| {{M6|M6}} || 3 || 4 || 4
 +
|-
 +
| {{Mn7|m7}} || '''5''' || 4 || 3
 +
|-
 +
| '''{{M7|M7}}''' || 3 || 3 || 3
 +
|}
 +
|
 +
{|class="wikitable"
 +
|+ Ordered by 5ths
 +
!colspan="2"|
 +
!colspan="3"| Key 2 Type
 +
|-
 +
! Key 1 Type
 +
! Key 2 Root's<br>relation to<br>Key 1 Root
 +
! Major !! Minor !! Harmonic<br>Minor
 +
|-
 +
!rowspan="13"| Major
 +
|-
 +
| {{U|'''U'''}} || '''7''' || 4 || 5
 +
|-
 +
| '''{{P5|P5}}''' || '''6''' || 5 || 3
 +
|-
 +
| '''{{M2|M2}}''' || 5 || '''6''' || 5
 +
|-
 +
| '''{{M6|M6}}''' || 4 || '''7''' || '''6'''
 +
|-
 +
| '''{{M3|M3}}''' || 3 || '''6''' || 5
 +
|-
 +
| '''{{M7|M7}}''' || 2 || 5 || 4
 +
|-
 +
| {{tt|tt}} || 2 || 4 || 4
 +
|-
 +
| {{Mn2|m2}} || 2 || 3 || 3
 +
|-
 +
| {{Mn6|m6}} || 3 || 2 || 3
 +
|-
 +
| {{Mn3|m3}} || 4 || 2 || 3
 +
|-
 +
| {{Mn7|m7}} || 5 || 2 || 4
 +
|-
 +
| '''{{P4|P4}}''' || '''6''' || 3 || 3
 +
|-
 +
!rowspan="13"| Minor
 +
|-
 +
| {{U|'''U'''}}  || 4 || '''7''' || '''6'''
 +
|-               
 +
| '''{{P5|P5}}''' || 3 || '''6''' || 5
 +
|-               
 +
| '''{{M2|M2}}''' || 2 || 5 || 4
 +
|-               
 +
| {{M6|M6}} || 2 || 4 || 4
 +
|-               
 +
| {{M3|M3}} || 2 || 3 || 3
 +
|-               
 +
| {{M7|M7}} || 3 || 2 || 3
 +
|-               
 +
| {{tt|tt}} || 4 || 2 || 3
 +
|-               
 +
| {{Mn2|m2}} || 5 || 2 || 4
 +
|-               
 +
| '''{{Mn6|m6}}''' || '''6''' || 3 || 3
 +
|-
 +
| '''{{Mn3|m3}}''' || '''7''' || 4 || 5
 +
|-               
 +
| '''{{Mn7|m7}}''' || '''6''' || 5 || 3
 +
|-               
 +
| '''{{P4|P4}}''' || 5 || '''6''' || 5
 +
|-
 +
!rowspan="13"| Harmonic Minor
 +
|-
 +
| {{U|'''U'''}} || 4 || '''6''' || '''7'''
 +
|-
 +
| '''{{P5|P5}}''' || 3 || '''5''' || 4
 +
|-
 +
| '''{{M2|M2}}''' || 4 || 3 || 3
 +
|-
 +
| {{M6|M6}} || 3 || 4 || 4
 +
|-
 +
| {{M3|M3}} || 3 || 3 || 4
 +
|-
 +
| '''{{M7|M7}}''' || 3 || 3 || 3
 +
|-
 +
| {{tt|tt}} || 4 || 3 || 4
 +
|-
 +
| {{Mn2|m2}} || 4 || 3 || 3
 +
|-
 +
| '''{{Mn6|m6}}''' || '''5''' || 3 || 4
 +
|-
 +
| '''{{Mn3|m3}}''' || '''6''' || 4 || 4
 +
|-
 +
| {{Mn7|m7}} || '''5''' || 4 || 3
 +
|-
 +
| '''{{P4|P4}}''' || 3 || '''5''' || 4
 +
|}
 +
|}
 +
 +
{{top}}
 +
 +
{{Reference Crumbs|3}}
 +
 +
[[Category:Guitar]]
 +
[[Category:Reference]]
 +
[[Category:Theory]]
 +
[[Category:Harmony]]

Latest revision as of 23:59, 24 August 2015

Contents

Clock Visualization

So assuming C is "12 o'Clock", our circle of fifths looks like this:

F C G
B♭ D
E♭ A
A♭ E
D♭ G♭ B

P5 CW Circle of 5ths.png

Since the standard Western chromatic scale is composed of 12 notes, they match up to the 12 hours of an analog clock. Closely-related keys are adjacent, both clockwise and counter-clockwise, while the distantly-related keys are opposite (6 fifths (or "hours") apart).

Moving only clockwise and using strict naming for each P5, we require to start using sharps once we hit 6 o'clock. Notice that the sharp keys are enharmonic to the flat keys above. Here's the same visualization using sharp keys instead of flats:

E♯ C G
A♯ D
D♯ A
G♯ E
C♯ F♯ B

P5 CW Circle of 5ths.png

If we kept going, B♯ would be the next P5 we reach at 12 o'clock, enharmonic to C. We could keep going around and start using double, then triple sharps, and so on. On the other hand, if we move strict P4's going clockwise, we get the following:

F C A16x16px
B♭ E16x16px
E♭ B16x16px
A♭ F♭
D♭ G♭ C♭

P4 CCW Circle of 5ths.png

If we kept going, 12 o'clock would be D16x16px, and again, we'd be venturing into double and triple flats and beyond.

And if 12 o'clock is the root, the interval between root and each note is as follows:

P4 R P5
m7 M2
m3 M6
m6 M3
m2 tt M7

Notice the 2 intervals of equal distance from the root are inversions of each other (P4 - P5, m7 - M2, m3 - M6, m6 - M3, m2 - M7).

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Tables of fifths w/ scales

Major - C♭ to C♯

Key C♭ G♭ D♭ A♭ E♭ B♭ F C G D A E B F♯ C♯
Flats/
Sharps		 7 ♭ 6 ♭ 5 ♭ 4 ♭ 3 ♭ 2 ♭ 1 ♭ 0 ♭/♯ 1 ♯ 2 ♯ 3 ♯ 4 ♯ 5 ♯ 6 ♯ 7 ♯
Uni C♭ G♭ D♭ A♭ E♭ B♭ F C G D A E B F♯ C♯
2nd D♭ A♭ E♭ B♭ F C G D A E B F♯ C♯ G♯ D♯
3rd E♭ B♭ F C G D A E B F♯ C♯ G♯ D♯ A♯ E♯
4th F♭ C♭ G♭ D♭ A♭ E♭ B♭ F C G D A E B F♯
5th G♭ D♭ A♭ E♭ B♭ F C G D A E B F♯ C♯ G♯
6th A♭ E♭ B♭ F C G D A E B F♯ C♯ G♯ D♯ A♯
7th B♭ F C G D A E B F♯ C♯ G♯ D♯ A♯ E♯ B♯
Oct C♭ G♭ D♭ A♭ E♭ B♭ F C G D A E B F♯ C♯

Notice the 4ths and 7ths - this is where the notes flatted/sharped when shifting keys up/down a fifth (or down/up a fourth).

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Natural Minor - A♭ to A♯

Key A♭ E♭ B♭ F C G D A E B F♯ C♯ G♯ D♯ A♯
Flats/
Sharps		 7 ♭ 6 ♭ 5 ♭ 4 ♭ 3 ♭ 2 ♭ 1 ♭ 0 ♭/♯ 1 ♯ 2 ♯ 3 ♯ 4 ♯ 5 ♯ 6 ♯ 7 ♯
Uni A♭ E♭ B♭ F C G D A E B F♯ C♯ G♯ D♯ A♯
2nd B♭ F C G D A E B F♯ C♯ G♯ D♯ A♯ E♯ B♯
3rd C♭ G♭ D♭ A♭ E♭ B♭ F C G D A E B F♯ C♯
4nd D♭ A♭ E♭ B♭ F C G D A E B F♯ C♯ G♯ D♯
5rd E♭ B♭ F C G D A E B F♯ C♯ G♯ D♯ A♯ E♯
6th F♭ C♭ G♭ D♭ A♭ E♭ B♭ F C G D A E B F♯
7th G♭ D♭ A♭ E♭ B♭ F C G D A E B F♯ C♯ G♯
Oct A♭ E♭ B♭ F C G D A E B F♯ C♯ G♯ D♯ A♯

Notice the 2nds and 6ths - this is where the notes flatted/sharped when shifting keys up/down a fifth (or down/up a fourth).

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Harmonic Minor - A♭ to A♯

Key A♭ E♭ B♭ F C G D A E B F♯ C♯ G♯ D♯ A♯
Uni A♭ E♭ B♭ F C G D A E B F♯ C♯ G♯ D♯ A♯
2nd B♭ F C G D A E B F♯ C♯ G♯ D♯ A♯ E♯ B♯
3rd C♭ G♭ D♭ A♭ E♭ B♭ F C G D A E B F♯ C♯
4nd D♭ A♭ E♭ B♭ F C G D A E B F♯ C♯ G♯ D♯
5rd E♭ B♭ F C G D A E B F♯ C♯ G♯ D♯ A♯ E♯
6th F♭ C♭ G♭ D♭ A♭ E♭ B♭ F C G D A E B F♯
7th G D A E B F♯ C♯ G♯ D♯ A♯ E♯ B♯ F10x10px C10x10px G10x10px
Oct A♭ E♭ B♭ F C G D A E B F♯ C♯ G♯ D♯ A♯
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Fifths and equivalents

All columns are equivalent pitches. Each cell is a perfect fifth above the cell to its left.

E16x16px16x16px B16x16px16x16px F16x16px♭ C16x16px♭ G16x16px♭ D16x16px♭ A16x16px♭ E16x16px♭ B16x16px♭ F16x16px C16x16px G16x16px D16x16px
D16x16px A16x16px E16x16px B16x16px F♭ C♭ G♭ D♭ A♭ E♭ B♭ F C
C G D A E B F♯ C♯ G♯ D♯ A♯ E♯ B♯
B♯ F10x10px C10x10px G10x10px D10x10px A10x10px E10x10px B10x10px F10x10px♯ C10x10px♯ G10x10px♯ D10x10px♯ A10x10px♯
A10x10px♯ E10x10px♯ B10x10px♯ F10x10px10x10px C10x10px10x10px G10x10px10x10px D10x10px10x10px A10x10px10x10px E10x10px10x10px B10x10px10x10px F10x10px10x10px♯ C10x10px10x10px♯ G10x10px10x10px♯
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Rules and Guidelines

The 1.____ scale a perfect fifth 2.____ the current scale contains the same notes but the 3.___ in the current scale is 4.____ to become the 5.____ of the new scale.

1 2 3 4 5
major above P4 sharped M7
minor above m6 sharped M2
major below M7 flatted P4
minor below M2 flatted m6
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Equivalent Pitches for Scales Below/Above by Interval

Modulating from any major scale to a new major scale that is ___ interval above/below the original key has ___ same pitches and ♯/♭ per note:

Interval Above Root Uni m2 M2 m3 M3 P4 tt P5 m6 M6 m7 M7
Interval Below Root Uni M7 m7 M6 m6 P5 tt P4 M3 m3 M2 m2
Example Major Key vs C Major C C♯ D D♯ E F F♯ G G♯ A A♯ B
Number of Common Pitches 7 2 5 4 3 6 2 6 3 4 5 2

Which means the most harmonic key changes are:

Common Notes Diatonic Keys Non-Diatonic Keys
6 P4, P5
5 M2 m7
4 M6 m3
3 M3 m6
2 M7 m2, tt

* Note: All intervals in above table are above the root note

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Harmonic Minor

Key E♭ B♭ F C G D A E B F♯ C♯ G♯ D♯
Notes in
common w/ Ahm 		4 3 4 4 3 4 7 4 3 4 4 3 4
Interval Above Root Uni m2 M2 m3 M3 P4 d5 P5 m6 M6 m7 M7
Interval Below Root Uni M7 m7 M6 m6 P5 d5 P4 M3 m3 M2 m2
Example Harm Minor Key vs A Harm Minor A A♯ B C C♯ D D♯ E F F♯ G G♯
Number of Common Pitches 7 3 3 4 4 4 4 4 4 4 3 3
Common Notes Diatonic Keys Non-Diatonic Keys
4 m3, P4, P5, m6 M3, d5, M6
3 M2, M7 m2, m7
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Harmony between Keys

From Major

to Major

Common Notes Diatonic Keys Non-Diatonic Keys Example
6 P4, P5 C -> G
5 M2 m7 C -> D
4 M6 m3 C -> A
3 M3 m6 C -> E
2 M7 m2, d5 C -> B
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to Minor

Common Notes Diatonic Keys Non-Diatonic Keys Example
7 M6 C -> Am
6 M2, M3 C -> Dm
5 P5, M7 C -> Gm
4 U d5 C -> Cm
3 P4 m2 C -> Fm
2 m6, m7, m3 C -> A♭m
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to Harmonic Minor

Common Notes Diatonic Keys Non-Diatonic Keys Example
6 M6 C -> Ahm
5 U, M2, M3 C -> Dhm
4 M7 d5, m7 C -> Bhm
3 P4, P5 m2, m3, m6 C -> Ghm
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From Minor

to Major

Common Notes Diatonic Keys Non-Diatonic Keys Example
7 m3 Am -> C
6 m7, m6 Am -> G
5 P4 m2 Am -> D
4 U d5 Am -> A
3 P5 M7 Am -> E
2 M2 M3, M6 Am -> B
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to Minor

Common Notes Diatonic Keys Non-Diatonic Keys Example
6 P4, P5 Am -> Em
5 M2, m7 Am -> Bm
4 m3 M6 Am -> Cm
3 m6 M3 Am -> Fm
2 m2, d5, M7 Am -> E♭m
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to Harmonic Minor

Common Notes Diatonic Keys Non-Diatonic Keys Example
6 U Am -> Ahm
5 P4, P5 Am -> Dhm
4 m3, M2 M6, m2 Am -> Chm
3 m6, m7 M3, d5, M7 Am -> Fhm
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From Harmonic Minor

to Major

Common Notes Diatonic Keys Non-Diatonic Keys Example
6 m3 Ahm -> C
5 m6 m7 Ahm -> F
4 U, M2 m2, d5 Ahm -> A
3 P4, P5, M7 M6, M3 Ahm -> D
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to Minor

Common Notes Diatonic Keys Non-Diatonic Keys Example
6 U Ahm -> Am
5 P4, P5 Ahm -> Dm
4 m3 M6, m7, m2 Ahm -> Cm
3 m6, M2 M3, d5, m2 Ahm -> Fm
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to Harmonic Minor

Common Notes Diatonic Keys Non-Diatonic Keys Example
4 m3, P4, P5, m6 M3, d5, M6 Ahm -> Chm
3 M2, M7 m2, m7 Ahm -> Bhm
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Common Notes Table

Ordered by Half-Steps
Key 2 Type
Key 1 Type Key 2 Root's
relation to
Key 1 Root 		Major Minor Harmonic
Minor
Major
U 7 4 5
m2 2 3 3
M2 5 6 5
m3 4 2 3
M3 3 6 5
P4 6 3 3
tt 2 4 4
P5 6 5 3
m6 3 2 3
M6 4 7 6
m7 5 2 4
M7 2 5 4
Minor
U 4 7 6
m2 5 2 4
M2 2 5 4
m3 7 4 5
M3 2 3 3
P4 5 6 5
tt 4 2 3
P5 3 6 5
m6 6 3 3
M6 2 4 4
m7 6 5 3
M7 3 2 3
Harmonic Minor
U 4 6 7
m2 4 3 3
M2 4 3 3
m3 6 4 4
M3 3 3 4
P4 3 5 4
tt 4 3 4
P5 3 5 4
m6 5 3 4
M6 3 4 4
m7 5 4 3
M7 3 3 3
Ordered by 5ths
Key 2 Type
Key 1 Type Key 2 Root's
relation to
Key 1 Root 		Major Minor Harmonic
Minor
Major
U 7 4 5
P5 6 5 3
M2 5 6 5
M6 4 7 6
M3 3 6 5
M7 2 5 4
tt 2 4 4
m2 2 3 3
m6 3 2 3
m3 4 2 3
m7 5 2 4
P4 6 3 3
Minor
U 4 7 6
P5 3 6 5
M2 2 5 4
M6 2 4 4
M3 2 3 3
M7 3 2 3
tt 4 2 3
m2 5 2 4
m6 6 3 3
m3 7 4 5
m7 6 5 3
P4 5 6 5
Harmonic Minor
U 4 6 7
P5 3 5 4
M2 4 3 3
M6 3 4 4
M3 3 3 4
M7 3 3 3
tt 4 3 4
m2 4 3 3
m6 5 3 4
m3 6 4 4
m7 5 4 3
P4 3 5 4
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Last edited on 24 August 2015, at 23:59