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→Fux's Voice Leading Rules
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=== Fux's Voice Leading Rules ===
The table below describes voice leading rules in terms of intervals, or just two notes. Each note of the current interval will either move or remain constant in order to form the destination interval. Depending on the type of current (source) and destination intervals desired, there will be certain preferred types of motion.
{| class="wikitable"
! !! Interval<br>Type !! Perfect !! Imperfect
|-
!rowspan="2"| CurrentSource
! Perfect
|
These can be reduced to 2 simple rules:
# If the destination interval is ''perfect'', only contrary or oblique motion can be used.
# Parallel motion can only be used if the current source and destination intervals are ''imperfect''.
If "perfect/imperfect" is confusing in describing the intervals, see the table below. The only '''perfect intervals''' are the perfect 4th, perfect 5th, and unison (or octave).
* M7
|}
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=== Additional Rules ===
* The leading tone should always resolve up to the tonic if the tonic is part of the next chord.
* Smaller movement is preferable to larger movement.
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== Application to Guitar ==
* A few cases have similar motion of two low notes to the same bass notes. This forms a P1 interval, which should not be led by similar motion; however, the alternative is to use inverted chords, which we are avoiding for clarity at this time.
* The chord shapes contain numbers indicating the scale degrees of the notes that comprise the chord. Notice all the tonic chords use (1, 3, 5), the ii chord uses (2, 4, 6), etc.
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==== Major Keys ====
</pre>
|}
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==== Natural Minor Keys ====
{|class="wikitable"
! Progression !! Chord 1 !! Chord 2 !! Analysis !! Alt 1 !! Alt 2 !! Analysis
|-
</pre>
|}
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==== Harmonic Minor Keys ====
{|class="wikitable"
! Progression !! Chord 1 !! Chord 2 !! Analysis !! Alt 1 !! Alt 2 !! Analysis
|-
! ii{{hdim7}} - i
|
<pre>
|-|-|-|-|
|-|4|-|-|
|1|-|-|-|
|-|6|-|-|
|2|-|-|-|
|-|-|-|-|
</pre>
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<pre>
|-|-|-|-|
|-|-|-|5|
|1|-|-|-|
|5|-|-|-|
|-|3|-|-|
|-|-|-|1|
</pre>
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<pre>
}
}Oblique
}Oblique
}Contrary
}Contrary?
</pre>
|
<pre>
|-|-|-|-|-|
|-|-|-|-|-|
|-|-|-|-|-|
|-|-|-|-|-|
|-|-|-|-|-|
|-|-|-|-|-|
</pre>
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<pre>
|-|-|-|-|-|
|-|-|-|-|-|
|-|-|-|-|-|
|-|-|-|-|-|
|-|-|-|-|-|
|-|-|-|-|-|
</pre>
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<pre>
}
}
}
}
}
</pre>
|-
|-
! III+ - i
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|-|3|-|-|
|-|-|7|-|
|-|-|5|-|
|-|-|-|3|
|-|-|-|-|
|-|-|-|-|
</pre>
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|-|3|-|-|
|-|-|-|1|
|-|-|5|-|
|1|-|-|-|
|-|-|-|-|
|-|-|-|-|
</pre>
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}Oblique
}Oblique
}Oblique
}
}
</pre>
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|-|-|-|-|
|5|-|-|-|
|3|-|-|-|
|-|7|-|-|
|-|-|5|-|
|-|-|-|3|
</pre>
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|-|-|-|-|
|5|-|-|-|
|3|-|-|-|
|-|-|1|-|
|-|-|5|-|
|1|-|-|-|
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}
}None
}Oblique
}Oblique
}Oblique
</pre>
|-
! iv - i
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|1|-|-|
|-|6|-|
|-|-|4|
|-|-|1|
|4|-|-|
|-|-|-|
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|1|-|-|
|5|-|-|
|3|-|-|
|-|-|1|
|-|-|5|
|1|-|-|
</pre>
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}Oblique
}Similar
}Oblique
}Oblique
}Contrary?
</pre>
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|-|4|-|-|
|-|1|-|-|
|-|6|-|-|
|-|-|-|4|
|-|-|-|1|
|-|4|-|-|
</pre>
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|-|-|-|5|
|-|1|-|-|
|5|-|-|-|
|-|3|-|-|
|-|-|-|1|
|-|-|-|-|
</pre>
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}Oblique
}Oblique
}Similar
}Oblique
}Oblique?
</pre>
|-
! V - i
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|5|-|-|-|-|
|2|-|-|-|-|
|-|7|-|-|-|
|-|-|5|-|-|
|-|-|2|-|-|
|5|-|-|-|-|
</pre>
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|5|-|-|-|-|
|-|3|-|-|-|
|-|-|1|-|-|
|-|-|5|-|-|
|1|-|-|-|-|
|-|-|-|-|-|
</pre>
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}Oblique
}Similar
}Oblique
}Oblique
}Contrary?
</pre>
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|-|-|-|5|
|-|-|-|2|
|5|-|-|-|
|2|-|-|-|
|-|-|7|-|
|-|-|-|5|
</pre>
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|-|-|-|5|
|-|1|-|-|
|5|-|-|-|
|-|3|-|-|
|-|-|-|1|
|-|-|-|-|
</pre>
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}Oblique
}Oblique
}Oblique
}Parallel
}Similar?*
</pre>
|-
! VI - i
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<pre>
|3|-|-|-|-|
|-|-|1|-|-|
|-|-|6|-|-|
|-|-|3|-|-|
|6|-|-|-|-|
|-|-|-|-|-|
</pre>
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|-|-|-|-|5|
|-|-|1|-|-|
|-|5|-|-|-|
|-|-|3|-|-|
|-|-|-|-|1|
|-|-|-|-|-|
</pre>
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}Oblique
}Oblique
}Oblique
}Oblique
}
</pre>
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<pre>
|-|-|1|-|-|
|-|-|-|6|-|
|-|-|3|-|-|
|6|-|-|-|-|
|-|-|-|-|-|
|-|-|-|-|-|
</pre>
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|-|-|1|-|-|
|-|-|5|-|-|
|-|-|3|-|-|
|-|-|-|-|1|
|-|-|-|-|-|
|-|-|-|-|-|
</pre>
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}Oblique
}Oblique
}Oblique
}
}
</pre>
|-
! vii{{dim}}{{7}} - i
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<pre>
|-|4|-|-|-|
|-|-|-|2|-|
|-|6|-|-|-|
|-|-|-|4|-|
|-|-|7|-|-|
|-|-|-|-|-|
</pre>
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|-|-|-|5|-|
|-|1|-|-|-|
|5|-|-|-|-|
|-|3|-|-|-|
|-|-|-|1|-|
|-|-|-|-|-|
</pre>
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}Contrary
}Similar
}Similar
}Contrary
}
</pre>
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|2|-|-|-|-|
|-|-|7|-|-|
|4|-|-|-|-|
|-|-|2|-|-|
|-|-|-|-|7|
|-|-|-|-|-|
</pre>
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|-|3|-|-|-|
|-|-|-|1|-|
|-|-|5|-|-|
|1|-|-|-|-|
|-|-|-|-|-|
|-|-|-|-|-|
</pre>
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<pre>
}Parallel
}Similar
}Contrary
}Contary?
}
</pre>
|}
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=== So That's It? ===
The good news is that the degree to which you want to follow voice leading is optional. Since music is subjective, there is no right and wrong. As long as you are somewhat aware of voice leading and understand its impact, using some of the principles, especially for the lowest and highest voices, will have the desired effect on the listener. Or, as seen in the next section, there may be cases where you ''don't'' want to use voice leading.
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== Opposing Viewpoint ==
Blues, originating and developed completely outside of the traditions of classical Western music, breaks a number of the above rules. And since blues was a strong influence on the rock-based styles of music, many continue in this tradition. Boogie-woogie particularly emphasized movement in parallel fifths. Modern rock music tends to use a few common chord shapes and move them around the fretboard, rather than follow classical voice leading guidelines. Modern rock also typically emphasizes root voicing of chords over inversions, which in many cases ''must'' lead to improper voice leading.
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== Homework ==
== Related Lessons ==
* [[Main Page#Intermediate Lessons|Prev: Intermediate LessonsMusic Theory - Diatonic Chord Progressions]]* [[Music Theory - Minor Keys]]* [[Harmonic Minor and Augmented Chords]]* [[Modulation|Next: Modulation7th Chords]] {{top}}{{Advanced Lesson Crumbs|1}}
[[Category:Guitar]]