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Difference between revisions of "Ref: Circle of Fifths"

m (→‎Major - C{{b}} to C{{s}})
m (→‎Common Notes Table)
 
(10 intermediate revisions by the same user not shown)
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So assuming C is "12 o'Clock", our circle of fifths looks like this:
 
So assuming C is "12 o'Clock", our circle of fifths looks like this:
−
:{|
+
{|
 +
|-
 +
|
 +
{|
 
| || F || C || G ||  
 
| || F || C || G ||  
 
|-
 
|-
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|-
 
|-
 
| || D{{b}} || G{{b}} || B ||  
 
| || D{{b}} || G{{b}} || B ||  
 +
|}
 +
|
 +
[[File:P5_CW_Circle_of_5ths.png]]
 
|}
 
|}
  
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Moving only clockwise and using strict naming for each P5, we require to start using sharps once we hit 6 o'clock.  Notice that the sharp keys are enharmonic to the flat keys above.  Here's the same visualization using sharp keys instead of flats:
 
Moving only clockwise and using strict naming for each P5, we require to start using sharps once we hit 6 o'clock.  Notice that the sharp keys are enharmonic to the flat keys above.  Here's the same visualization using sharp keys instead of flats:
  
−
:{|
+
{|
 +
|-
 +
|
 +
{|
 
| || E{{s}} || C || G ||  
 
| || E{{s}} || C || G ||  
 
|-
 
|-
Line 39: Line 48:
 
|-
 
|-
 
| || C{{s}} || F{{s}} || B ||  
 
| || C{{s}} || F{{s}} || B ||  
 +
|}
 +
|
 +
[[File:P5_CW_Circle_of_5ths.png]]
 
|}
 
|}
  
 
If we kept going, B{{s}} would be the next P5 we reach at 12 o'clock, enharmonic to C.  We could keep going around and start using double, then triple sharps, and so on.  On the other hand, if we move strict P4's going clockwise, we get the following:
 
If we kept going, B{{s}} would be the next P5 we reach at 12 o'clock, enharmonic to C.  We could keep going around and start using double, then triple sharps, and so on.  On the other hand, if we move strict P4's going clockwise, we get the following:
  
−
:{|
+
{|
 +
|-
 +
|
 +
{|
 
| || F || C || A{{db}} ||  
 
| || F || C || A{{db}} ||  
 
|-
 
|-
Line 53: Line 68:
 
|-
 
|-
 
| || D{{b}} || G{{b}} || C{{b}} ||  
 
| || D{{b}} || G{{b}} || C{{b}} ||  
 +
|}
 +
|
 +
[[File:P4_CCW_Circle_of_5ths.png]]
 
|}
 
|}
  
Line 60: Line 78:
  
 
:{|
 
:{|
−
| || P4 || U || P5 ||  
+
| || {{P4|P4}} || {{U|R}} || {{P5|P5}} ||  
 
|-
 
|-
−
| m7 || || || || M2
+
| {{Mn7|m7}} || || || || {{M2|M2}}
 
|-
 
|-
−
| m3 || || || || M6
+
| {{Mn3|m3}} || || || || {{M6|M6}}
 
|-
 
|-
−
| m6 || || || || M3
+
| {{Mn6|m6}} || || || || {{M3|M3}}
 
|-
 
|-
−
| || m2 || tt || M7 ||  
+
| || {{Mn2|m2}} || {{tt|tt}} || {{M7|M7}} ||  
 
|}
 
|}
  
−
Notice the 2 intervals of equal distance from the root are inversions of each other (P4 - P5, m7 - M2, m3 - M6, m6 - M3, m2 - M7).
+
Notice the 2 intervals of equal distance from the root are inversions of each other ({{P4|P4}} - {{P5|P5}}, {{Mn7|m7}} - {{M2|M2}}, {{Mn3|m3}} - {{M6|M6}}, {{Mn6|m6}} - {{M3|M3}}, {{Mn2|m2}} - {{M7|M7}}).
  
 
{{top}}
 
{{top}}
Line 236: Line 254:
 
! 1 !! 2 !! 3 !! 4 !! 5
 
! 1 !! 2 !! 3 !! 4 !! 5
 
|-
 
|-
−
| major || above || P4 || sharped || M7
+
| major || above || {{P4|P4}} || sharped || {{M7|M7}}
 
|-
 
|-
−
| minor || above || m6 || sharped || M2
+
| minor || above || {{Mn6|m6}} || sharped || {{M2|M2}}
 
|-
 
|-
−
| major || below || M7 || flatted || P4
+
| major || below || {{M7|M7}} || flatted || {{P4|P4}}
 
|-
 
|-
−
| minor || below || M2 || flatted || m6
+
| minor || below || {{M2|M2}} || flatted || {{Mn6|m6}}
 
|}
 
|}
  
Line 260: Line 278:
 
|-  
 
|-  
 
! Interval Above Root  
 
! Interval Above Root  
−
|  Uni || m2 || M2 || m3 || M3 || P4 || d5 || P5 || m6 || M6 || m7 || M7
+
|  {{U|Uni}} || {{Mn2|m2}} || {{M2|M2}} || {{Mn3|m3}} || {{M3|M3}} || {{P4|P4}} || {{tt|tt}} || {{P5|P5}} || {{Mn6|m6}} || {{M6|M6}} || {{Mn7|m7}} || {{M7|M7}}
 
|-
 
|-
 
! Interval Below Root  
 
! Interval Below Root  
−
| Uni || M7 || m7 || M6 || m6 || P5 || d5 || P4 || M3 || m3 || M2 || m2
+
| {{U|Uni}} || {{M7|M7}} || {{Mn7|m7}} || {{M6|M6}} || {{Mn6|m6}} || {{P5|P5}} || {{tt|tt}} || {{P4|P4}} || {{M3|M3}} || {{Mn3|m3}} || {{M2|M2}} || {{Mn2|m2}}
 
|-  
 
|-  
 
!Example Major Key vs C Major
 
!Example Major Key vs C Major
Line 290: Line 308:
 
|3 || M3 || m6
 
|3 || M3 || m6
 
|-
 
|-
−
|2 || M7 || m2, d5
+
|2 || M7 || m2, tt
 
|}
 
|}
 
<nowiki>*</nowiki> Note: All intervals in above table are ''above'' the root note
 
<nowiki>*</nowiki> Note: All intervals in above table are ''above'' the root note
Line 655: Line 673:
 
!rowspan="13"| Major
 
!rowspan="13"| Major
 
|-
 
|-
−
| '''U''' || '''7''' || 4 || 5
+
| {{U|'''U'''}} || '''7''' || 4 || 5
 
|-
 
|-
−
| m2 || 2 || 3 || 3
+
| {{Mn2|m2}} || 2 || 3 || 3
 
|-
 
|-
−
| '''M2''' || 5 || '''6''' || 5
+
| '''{{M2|M2}}''' || 5 || '''6''' || 5
 
|-
 
|-
−
| m3 || 4 || 2 || 3
+
| {{Mn3|m3}} || 4 || 2 || 3
 
|-
 
|-
−
| '''M3''' || 3 || '''6''' || 5
+
| '''{{M3|M3}}''' || 3 || '''6''' || 5
 
|-
 
|-
−
| '''P4''' || '''6''' || 3 || 3
+
| '''{{P4|P4}}''' || '''6''' || 3 || 3
 
|-
 
|-
−
| tt || 2 || 4 || 4
+
| {{tt|tt}} || 2 || 4 || 4
 
|-
 
|-
−
| '''P5''' || '''6''' || 5 || 3
+
| '''{{P5|P5}}''' || '''6''' || 5 || 3
 
|-
 
|-
−
| m6 || 3 || 2 || 3
+
| {{Mn6|m6}} || 3 || 2 || 3
 
|-
 
|-
−
| '''M6''' || 4 || '''7''' || '''6'''
+
| '''{{M6|M6}}''' || 4 || '''7''' || '''6'''
 
|-
 
|-
−
| m7 || 5 || 2 || 4
+
| {{Mn7|m7}} || 5 || 2 || 4
 
|-
 
|-
−
| '''M7''' || 2 || 5 || 4
+
| '''{{M7|M7}}''' || 2 || 5 || 4
 
|-
 
|-
 
!rowspan="13"| Minor
 
!rowspan="13"| Minor
 
|-
 
|-
−
| '''U'''  || 4 || '''7''' || '''6'''
+
| {{U|'''U'''}} || 4 || '''7''' || '''6'''
 
|-                 
 
|-                 
−
| m2 || 5 || 2 || 4
+
| {{Mn2|m2}} || 5 || 2 || 4
 
|-                 
 
|-                 
−
| '''M2''' || 2 || 5 || 4
+
| '''{{M2|M2}}''' || 2 || 5 || 4
 
|-
 
|-
−
| '''m3''' || '''7''' || 4 || 5
+
| '''{{Mn3|m3}}''' || '''7''' || 4 || 5
 
|-                 
 
|-                 
−
| M3 || 2 || 3 || 3
+
| {{M3|M3}} || 2 || 3 || 3
 
|-                 
 
|-                 
−
| '''P4''' || 5 || '''6''' || 5
+
| '''{{P4|P4}}''' || 5 || '''6''' || 5
 
|-                 
 
|-                 
−
| tt || 4 || 2 || 3
+
| {{tt|tt}} || 4 || 2 || 3
 
|-                 
 
|-                 
−
| '''P5''' || 3 || '''6''' || 5
+
| '''{{P5|P5}}''' || 3 || '''6''' || 5
 
|-                 
 
|-                 
−
| '''m6''' || '''6''' || 3 || 3
+
| '''{{Mn6|m6}}''' || '''6''' || 3 || 3
 
|-                 
 
|-                 
−
| M6 || 2 || 4 || 4
+
| {{M6|M6}} || 2 || 4 || 4
 
|-                 
 
|-                 
−
| '''m7''' || '''6''' || 5 || 3
+
| '''{{Mn7|m7}}''' || '''6''' || 5 || 3
 
|-                 
 
|-                 
−
| M7 || 3 || 2 || 3
+
| {{M7|M7}} || 3 || 2 || 3
 
|-
 
|-
 
!rowspan="13"| Harmonic Minor
 
!rowspan="13"| Harmonic Minor
 
|-
 
|-
−
| '''U''' || 4 || '''6''' || '''7'''
+
| {{U|'''U'''}} || 4 || '''6''' || '''7'''
 
|-
 
|-
−
| m2 || 4 || 3 || 3
+
| {{Mn2|m2}} || 4 || 3 || 3
 
|-
 
|-
−
| '''M2''' || 4 || 3 || 3
+
| '''{{M2|M2}}''' || 4 || 3 || 3
 
|-
 
|-
−
| '''m3''' || '''6''' || 4 || 4
+
| '''{{Mn3|m3}}''' || '''6''' || 4 || 4
 
|-
 
|-
−
| M3 || 3 || 3 || 4
+
| {{M3|M3}} || 3 || 3 || 4
 
|-
 
|-
−
| '''P4''' || 3 || '''5''' || 4
+
| '''{{P4|P4}}''' || 3 || '''5''' || 4
 
|-
 
|-
−
| tt || 4 || 3 || 4
+
| {{tt|tt}} || 4 || 3 || 4
 
|-
 
|-
−
| '''P5''' || 3 || '''5''' || 4
+
| '''{{P5|P5}}''' || 3 || '''5''' || 4
 
|-
 
|-
−
| '''m6''' || '''5''' || 3 || 4
+
| '''{{Mn6|m6}}''' || '''5''' || 3 || 4
 
|-
 
|-
−
| M6 || 3 || 4 || 4
+
| {{M6|M6}} || 3 || 4 || 4
 
|-
 
|-
−
| m7 || '''5''' || 4 || 3
+
| {{Mn7|m7}} || '''5''' || 4 || 3
 
|-
 
|-
−
| '''M7''' || 3 || 3 || 3
+
| '''{{M7|M7}}''' || 3 || 3 || 3
 
|}
 
|}
 
|
 
|
Line 743: Line 761:
 
!rowspan="13"| Major
 
!rowspan="13"| Major
 
|-
 
|-
−
| '''U''' || '''7''' || 4 || 5
+
| {{U|'''U'''}} || '''7''' || 4 || 5
 
|-
 
|-
−
| '''P5''' || '''6''' || 5 || 3
+
| '''{{P5|P5}}''' || '''6''' || 5 || 3
 
|-
 
|-
−
| '''M2''' || 5 || '''6''' || 5
+
| '''{{M2|M2}}''' || 5 || '''6''' || 5
 
|-
 
|-
−
| '''M6''' || 4 || '''7''' || '''6'''
+
| '''{{M6|M6}}''' || 4 || '''7''' || '''6'''
 
|-
 
|-
−
| '''M3''' || 3 || '''6''' || 5
+
| '''{{M3|M3}}''' || 3 || '''6''' || 5
 
|-
 
|-
−
| '''M7''' || 2 || 5 || 4
+
| '''{{M7|M7}}''' || 2 || 5 || 4
 
|-
 
|-
−
| tt || 2 || 4 || 4
+
| {{tt|tt}} || 2 || 4 || 4
 
|-
 
|-
−
| m2 || 2 || 3 || 3
+
| {{Mn2|m2}} || 2 || 3 || 3
 
|-
 
|-
−
| m6 || 3 || 2 || 3
+
| {{Mn6|m6}} || 3 || 2 || 3
 
|-
 
|-
−
| m3 || 4 || 2 || 3
+
| {{Mn3|m3}} || 4 || 2 || 3
 
|-
 
|-
−
| m7 || 5 || 2 || 4
+
| {{Mn7|m7}} || 5 || 2 || 4
 
|-
 
|-
−
| '''P4''' || '''6''' || 3 || 3
+
| '''{{P4|P4}}''' || '''6''' || 3 || 3
 
|-
 
|-
 
!rowspan="13"| Minor
 
!rowspan="13"| Minor
 
|-
 
|-
−
| '''U'''  || 4 || '''7''' || '''6'''
+
| {{U|'''U'''}} || 4 || '''7''' || '''6'''
 
|-                 
 
|-                 
−
| '''P5''' || 3 || '''6''' || 5
+
| '''{{P5|P5}}''' || 3 || '''6''' || 5
 
|-                 
 
|-                 
−
| '''M2''' || 2 || 5 || 4
+
| '''{{M2|M2}}''' || 2 || 5 || 4
 
|-                 
 
|-                 
−
| M6 || 2 || 4 || 4
+
| {{M6|M6}} || 2 || 4 || 4
 
|-                 
 
|-                 
−
| M3 || 2 || 3 || 3
+
| {{M3|M3}} || 2 || 3 || 3
 
|-                 
 
|-                 
−
| M7 || 3 || 2 || 3
+
| {{M7|M7}} || 3 || 2 || 3
 
|-                 
 
|-                 
−
| tt || 4 || 2 || 3
+
| {{tt|tt}} || 4 || 2 || 3
 
|-                 
 
|-                 
−
| m2 || 5 || 2 || 4
+
| {{Mn2|m2}} || 5 || 2 || 4
 
|-                 
 
|-                 
−
| '''m6''' || '''6''' || 3 || 3
+
| '''{{Mn6|m6}}''' || '''6''' || 3 || 3
 
|-
 
|-
−
| '''m3''' || '''7''' || 4 || 5
+
| '''{{Mn3|m3}}''' || '''7''' || 4 || 5
 
|-                 
 
|-                 
−
| '''m7''' || '''6''' || 5 || 3
+
| '''{{Mn7|m7}}''' || '''6''' || 5 || 3
 
|-                 
 
|-                 
−
| '''P4''' || 5 || '''6''' || 5
+
| '''{{P4|P4}}''' || 5 || '''6''' || 5
 
|-
 
|-
 
!rowspan="13"| Harmonic Minor
 
!rowspan="13"| Harmonic Minor
 
|-
 
|-
−
| '''U''' || 4 || '''6''' || '''7'''
+
| {{U|'''U'''}} || 4 || '''6''' || '''7'''
 
|-
 
|-
−
| '''P5''' || 3 || '''5''' || 4
+
| '''{{P5|P5}}''' || 3 || '''5''' || 4
 
|-
 
|-
−
| '''M2''' || 4 || 3 || 3
+
| '''{{M2|M2}}''' || 4 || 3 || 3
 
|-
 
|-
−
| M6 || 3 || 4 || 4
+
| {{M6|M6}} || 3 || 4 || 4
 
|-
 
|-
−
| M3 || 3 || 3 || 4
+
| {{M3|M3}} || 3 || 3 || 4
 
|-
 
|-
−
| '''M7''' || 3 || 3 || 3
+
| '''{{M7|M7}}''' || 3 || 3 || 3
 
|-
 
|-
−
| tt || 4 || 3 || 4
+
| {{tt|tt}} || 4 || 3 || 4
 
|-
 
|-
−
| m2 || 4 || 3 || 3
+
| {{Mn2|m2}} || 4 || 3 || 3
 
|-
 
|-
−
| '''m6''' || '''5''' || 3 || 4
+
| '''{{Mn6|m6}}''' || '''5''' || 3 || 4
 
|-
 
|-
−
| '''m3''' || '''6''' || 4 || 4
+
| '''{{Mn3|m3}}''' || '''6''' || 4 || 4
 
|-
 
|-
−
| m7 || '''5''' || 4 || 3
+
| {{Mn7|m7}} || '''5''' || 4 || 3
 
|-
 
|-
−
| '''P4''' || 3 || '''5''' || 4
+
| '''{{P4|P4}}''' || 3 || '''5''' || 4
 
|}
 
|}
 
|}
 
|}

Latest revision as of 23:59, 24 August 2015

Intervals Scales Circle of 5ths Fret Maps CAGED Charts Diatonic Chords Diatonic Keys Chord Fingerings Chord Naming Progressions Modes Counting Rhythm Arpeggios Reading Tab Other Notation Injury
 

Clock Visualization

Circle Scales Grid Enharmonic 5ths Note Changes Common Notes b/t Keys Harmony b/t Keys
 

So assuming C is "12 o'Clock", our circle of fifths looks like this:

F C G
B♭ D
E♭ A
A♭ E
D♭ G♭ B

P5 CW Circle of 5ths.png

Since the standard Western chromatic scale is composed of 12 notes, they match up to the 12 hours of an analog clock. Closely-related keys are adjacent, both clockwise and counter-clockwise, while the distantly-related keys are opposite (6 fifths (or "hours") apart).

Moving only clockwise and using strict naming for each P5, we require to start using sharps once we hit 6 o'clock. Notice that the sharp keys are enharmonic to the flat keys above. Here's the same visualization using sharp keys instead of flats:

E♯ C G
A♯ D
D♯ A
G♯ E
C♯ F♯ B

P5 CW Circle of 5ths.png

If we kept going, B♯ would be the next P5 we reach at 12 o'clock, enharmonic to C. We could keep going around and start using double, then triple sharps, and so on. On the other hand, if we move strict P4's going clockwise, we get the following:

F C ADoubleflat.svg
B♭ EDoubleflat.svg
E♭ BDoubleflat.svg
A♭ F♭
D♭ G♭ C♭

P4 CCW Circle of 5ths.png

If we kept going, 12 o'clock would be DDoubleflat.svg, and again, we'd be venturing into double and triple flats and beyond.

And if 12 o'clock is the root, the interval between root and each note is as follows:

P4 R P5
m7 M2
m3 M6
m6 M3
m2 tt M7

Notice the 2 intervals of equal distance from the root are inversions of each other (P4 - P5, m7 - M2, m3 - M6, m6 - M3, m2 - M7).

Top

Tables of fifths w/ scales

Major - C♭ to C♯

Circle Scales Grid Enharmonic 5ths Note Changes Common Notes b/t Keys Harmony b/t Keys
 
Major Natural Minor Harmonic Minor
 
Key C♭ G♭ D♭ A♭ E♭ B♭ F C G D A E B F♯ C♯
Flats/
Sharps		 7 ♭ 6 ♭ 5 ♭ 4 ♭ 3 ♭ 2 ♭ 1 ♭ 0 ♭/♯ 1 ♯ 2 ♯ 3 ♯ 4 ♯ 5 ♯ 6 ♯ 7 ♯
Uni C♭ G♭ D♭ A♭ E♭ B♭ F C G D A E B F♯ C♯
2nd D♭ A♭ E♭ B♭ F C G D A E B F♯ C♯ G♯ D♯
3rd E♭ B♭ F C G D A E B F♯ C♯ G♯ D♯ A♯ E♯
4th F♭ C♭ G♭ D♭ A♭ E♭ B♭ F C G D A E B F♯
5th G♭ D♭ A♭ E♭ B♭ F C G D A E B F♯ C♯ G♯
6th A♭ E♭ B♭ F C G D A E B F♯ C♯ G♯ D♯ A♯
7th B♭ F C G D A E B F♯ C♯ G♯ D♯ A♯ E♯ B♯
Oct C♭ G♭ D♭ A♭ E♭ B♭ F C G D A E B F♯ C♯

Notice the 4ths and 7ths - this is where the notes flatted/sharped when shifting keys up/down a fifth (or down/up a fourth).

Top

Natural Minor - A♭ to A♯

Circle Scales Grid Enharmonic 5ths Note Changes Common Notes b/t Keys Harmony b/t Keys
 
Major Natural Minor Harmonic Minor
 
Key A♭ E♭ B♭ F C G D A E B F♯ C♯ G♯ D♯ A♯
Flats/
Sharps		 7 ♭ 6 ♭ 5 ♭ 4 ♭ 3 ♭ 2 ♭ 1 ♭ 0 ♭/♯ 1 ♯ 2 ♯ 3 ♯ 4 ♯ 5 ♯ 6 ♯ 7 ♯
Uni A♭ E♭ B♭ F C G D A E B F♯ C♯ G♯ D♯ A♯
2nd B♭ F C G D A E B F♯ C♯ G♯ D♯ A♯ E♯ B♯
3rd C♭ G♭ D♭ A♭ E♭ B♭ F C G D A E B F♯ C♯
4nd D♭ A♭ E♭ B♭ F C G D A E B F♯ C♯ G♯ D♯
5rd E♭ B♭ F C G D A E B F♯ C♯ G♯ D♯ A♯ E♯
6th F♭ C♭ G♭ D♭ A♭ E♭ B♭ F C G D A E B F♯
7th G♭ D♭ A♭ E♭ B♭ F C G D A E B F♯ C♯ G♯
Oct A♭ E♭ B♭ F C G D A E B F♯ C♯ G♯ D♯ A♯

Notice the 2nds and 6ths - this is where the notes flatted/sharped when shifting keys up/down a fifth (or down/up a fourth).

Top

Harmonic Minor - A♭ to A♯

Circle Scales Grid Enharmonic 5ths Note Changes Common Notes b/t Keys Harmony b/t Keys
 
Major Natural Minor Harmonic Minor
 
Key A♭ E♭ B♭ F C G D A E B F♯ C♯ G♯ D♯ A♯
Uni A♭ E♭ B♭ F C G D A E B F♯ C♯ G♯ D♯ A♯
2nd B♭ F C G D A E B F♯ C♯ G♯ D♯ A♯ E♯ B♯
3rd C♭ G♭ D♭ A♭ E♭ B♭ F C G D A E B F♯ C♯
4nd D♭ A♭ E♭ B♭ F C G D A E B F♯ C♯ G♯ D♯
5rd E♭ B♭ F C G D A E B F♯ C♯ G♯ D♯ A♯ E♯
6th F♭ C♭ G♭ D♭ A♭ E♭ B♭ F C G D A E B F♯
7th G D A E B F♯ C♯ G♯ D♯ A♯ E♯ B♯ FDoubleSharp.svg CDoubleSharp.svg GDoubleSharp.svg
Oct A♭ E♭ B♭ F C G D A E B F♯ C♯ G♯ D♯ A♯
Top

Fifths and equivalents

Circle Scales Grid Enharmonic 5ths Note Changes Common Notes b/t Keys Harmony b/t Keys
 

All columns are equivalent pitches. Each cell is a perfect fifth above the cell to its left.

EDoubleflat.svgDoubleflat.svg BDoubleflat.svgDoubleflat.svg FDoubleflat.svg♭ CDoubleflat.svg♭ GDoubleflat.svg♭ DDoubleflat.svg♭ ADoubleflat.svg♭ EDoubleflat.svg♭ BDoubleflat.svg♭ FDoubleflat.svg CDoubleflat.svg GDoubleflat.svg DDoubleflat.svg
DDoubleflat.svg ADoubleflat.svg EDoubleflat.svg BDoubleflat.svg F♭ C♭ G♭ D♭ A♭ E♭ B♭ F C
C G D A E B F♯ C♯ G♯ D♯ A♯ E♯ B♯
B♯ FDoubleSharp.svg CDoubleSharp.svg GDoubleSharp.svg DDoubleSharp.svg ADoubleSharp.svg EDoubleSharp.svg BDoubleSharp.svg FDoubleSharp.svg♯ CDoubleSharp.svg♯ GDoubleSharp.svg♯ DDoubleSharp.svg♯ ADoubleSharp.svg♯
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Rules and Guidelines

Circle Scales Grid Enharmonic 5ths Note Changes Common Notes b/t Keys Harmony b/t Keys
 

The 1.____ scale a perfect fifth 2.____ the current scale contains the same notes but the 3.___ in the current scale is 4.____ to become the 5.____ of the new scale.

1 2 3 4 5
major above P4 sharped M7
minor above m6 sharped M2
major below M7 flatted P4
minor below M2 flatted m6
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Equivalent Pitches for Scales Below/Above by Interval

Circle Scales Grid Enharmonic 5ths Note Changes Common Notes b/t Keys Harmony b/t Keys
 

Modulating from any major scale to a new major scale that is ___ interval above/below the original key has ___ same pitches and ♯/♭ per note:

Interval Above Root Uni m2 M2 m3 M3 P4 tt P5 m6 M6 m7 M7
Interval Below Root Uni M7 m7 M6 m6 P5 tt P4 M3 m3 M2 m2
Example Major Key vs C Major C C♯ D D♯ E F F♯ G G♯ A A♯ B
Number of Common Pitches 7 2 5 4 3 6 2 6 3 4 5 2

Which means the most harmonic key changes are:

Common Notes Diatonic Keys Non-Diatonic Keys
6 P4, P5
5 M2 m7
4 M6 m3
3 M3 m6
2 M7 m2, tt

* Note: All intervals in above table are above the root note

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Harmonic Minor

Key E♭ B♭ F C G D A E B F♯ C♯ G♯ D♯
Notes in
common w/ Ahm 		4 3 4 4 3 4 7 4 3 4 4 3 4
Interval Above Root Uni m2 M2 m3 M3 P4 d5 P5 m6 M6 m7 M7
Interval Below Root Uni M7 m7 M6 m6 P5 d5 P4 M3 m3 M2 m2
Example Harm Minor Key vs A Harm Minor A A♯ B C C♯ D D♯ E F F♯ G G♯
Number of Common Pitches 7 3 3 4 4 4 4 4 4 4 3 3
Common Notes Diatonic Keys Non-Diatonic Keys
4 m3, P4, P5, m6 M3, d5, M6
3 M2, M7 m2, m7
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Harmony between Keys

Circle Scales Grid Enharmonic 5ths Note Changes Common Notes b/t Keys Harmony b/t Keys
 

From Major

to Major

From Major From Minor From Harm Minor Common Notes
 
to Major to Nat Minor to Harm Minor
 
Common Notes Diatonic Keys Non-Diatonic Keys Example
6 P4, P5 C -> G
5 M2 m7 C -> D
4 M6 m3 C -> A
3 M3 m6 C -> E
2 M7 m2, d5 C -> B
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to Minor

From Major From Minor From Harm Minor Common Notes
 
to Major to Nat Minor to Harm Minor
 
Common Notes Diatonic Keys Non-Diatonic Keys Example
7 M6 C -> Am
6 M2, M3 C -> Dm
5 P5, M7 C -> Gm
4 U d5 C -> Cm
3 P4 m2 C -> Fm
2 m6, m7, m3 C -> A♭m
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to Harmonic Minor

From Major From Minor From Harm Minor Common Notes
 
to Major to Nat Minor to Harm Minor
 
Common Notes Diatonic Keys Non-Diatonic Keys Example
6 M6 C -> Ahm
5 U, M2, M3 C -> Dhm
4 M7 d5, m7 C -> Bhm
3 P4, P5 m2, m3, m6 C -> Ghm
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From Minor

to Major

From Major From Minor From Harm Minor Common Notes
 
to Major to Nat Minor to Harm Minor
 
Common Notes Diatonic Keys Non-Diatonic Keys Example
7 m3 Am -> C
6 m7, m6 Am -> G
5 P4 m2 Am -> D
4 U d5 Am -> A
3 P5 M7 Am -> E
2 M2 M3, M6 Am -> B
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to Minor

From Major From Minor From Harm Minor Common Notes
 
to Major to Nat Minor to Harm Minor
 
Common Notes Diatonic Keys Non-Diatonic Keys Example
6 P4, P5 Am -> Em
5 M2, m7 Am -> Bm
4 m3 M6 Am -> Cm
3 m6 M3 Am -> Fm
2 m2, d5, M7 Am -> E♭m
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to Harmonic Minor

From Major From Minor From Harm Minor Common Notes
 
to Major to Nat Minor to Harm Minor
 
Common Notes Diatonic Keys Non-Diatonic Keys Example
6 U Am -> Ahm
5 P4, P5 Am -> Dhm
4 m3, M2 M6, m2 Am -> Chm
3 m6, m7 M3, d5, M7 Am -> Fhm
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From Harmonic Minor

to Major

From Major From Minor From Harm Minor Common Notes
 
to Major to Nat Minor to Harm Minor
 
Common Notes Diatonic Keys Non-Diatonic Keys Example
6 m3 Ahm -> C
5 m6 m7 Ahm -> F
4 U, M2 m2, d5 Ahm -> A
3 P4, P5, M7 M6, M3 Ahm -> D
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to Minor

From Major From Minor From Harm Minor Common Notes
 
to Major to Nat Minor to Harm Minor
 
Common Notes Diatonic Keys Non-Diatonic Keys Example
6 U Ahm -> Am
5 P4, P5 Ahm -> Dm
4 m3 M6, m7, m2 Ahm -> Cm
3 m6, M2 M3, d5, m2 Ahm -> Fm
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to Harmonic Minor

From Major From Minor From Harm Minor Common Notes
 
to Major to Nat Minor to Harm Minor
 
Common Notes Diatonic Keys Non-Diatonic Keys Example
4 m3, P4, P5, m6 M3, d5, M6 Ahm -> Chm
3 M2, M7 m2, m7 Ahm -> Bhm
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Common Notes Table

From Major From Minor From Harm Minor Common Notes
 
Ordered by Half-Steps
Key 2 Type
Key 1 Type Key 2 Root's
relation to
Key 1 Root 		Major Minor Harmonic
Minor
Major
U 7 4 5
m2 2 3 3
M2 5 6 5
m3 4 2 3
M3 3 6 5
P4 6 3 3
tt 2 4 4
P5 6 5 3
m6 3 2 3
M6 4 7 6
m7 5 2 4
M7 2 5 4
Minor
U 4 7 6
m2 5 2 4
M2 2 5 4
m3 7 4 5
M3 2 3 3
P4 5 6 5
tt 4 2 3
P5 3 6 5
m6 6 3 3
M6 2 4 4
m7 6 5 3
M7 3 2 3
Harmonic Minor
U 4 6 7
m2 4 3 3
M2 4 3 3
m3 6 4 4
M3 3 3 4
P4 3 5 4
tt 4 3 4
P5 3 5 4
m6 5 3 4
M6 3 4 4
m7 5 4 3
M7 3 3 3
Ordered by 5ths
Key 2 Type
Key 1 Type Key 2 Root's
relation to
Key 1 Root 		Major Minor Harmonic
Minor
Major
U 7 4 5
P5 6 5 3
M2 5 6 5
M6 4 7 6
M3 3 6 5
M7 2 5 4
tt 2 4 4
m2 2 3 3
m6 3 2 3
m3 4 2 3
m7 5 2 4
P4 6 3 3
Minor
U 4 7 6
P5 3 6 5
M2 2 5 4
M6 2 4 4
M3 2 3 3
M7 3 2 3
tt 4 2 3
m2 5 2 4
m6 6 3 3
m3 7 4 5
m7 6 5 3
P4 5 6 5
Harmonic Minor
U 4 6 7
P5 3 5 4
M2 4 3 3
M6 3 4 4
M3 3 3 4
M7 3 3 3
tt 4 3 4
m2 4 3 3
m6 5 3 4
m3 6 4 4
m7 5 4 3
P4 3 5 4
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Intervals Scales Circle of 5ths Fret Maps CAGED Charts Diatonic Chords Diatonic Keys Chord Fingerings Chord Naming Progressions Modes Counting Rhythm Arpeggios Reading Tab Other Notation Injury
 
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