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→Italian Sixth
If the chord contained the P5 of the root, it would be enharmonically equivalent to a dominant 7th chord, built upon the {{f}}VI note of the scale. Yet it does not function harmonically as such. Its M3 does not function as a leading tone, and it does not resolve to the {{f}}II chord. Rather the M3 moves down a half-step to become the leading tone for the V chord or up a whole step to be the 5th of the V or v chord. In 4-part writing, the M3 is doubled and each resolves in contrary directions to form the 3rd and 5th of the V chord, while the R and A6 move contrary to both become the root of the V.
C AbIt+6 G C
E--0-------------3------0---
B--1------1------3------1---
G--0------1------0------0---
D--2------4------0------2---
A--3------3------2------3---
E---------4------3----------
==== French Sixth ====