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→Notation
'''Analysis -''' C: I IV G: V I
When discussing modulations ''outside of a piece of musicnotation'', we can use an arrow, such as "=>" or "->" to mark indicate the modulation. For example, "C -> Am" (C Major to A Minor) or "C => G"(C Major to G Major). If we want to make such modulations generic to any key by using roman numerals, this can get a bit more tricky. For example, if we want to discuss a modulation from a major key to a minor key whose tonic note is the 6th note of the major key, we could say "I -> vi". The uppercase "I" and lowercase "vi" indicate that the original key is major, but the new key is minor, and the "vi" also indicates the new key's tonic note is the 6th's note of the original major key. But what if the tonic note of the new key is non-diatonic to the original key? Then we have to use a {{b}} or {{s}} to indicate that. So moving from C -> A{{b}}m could be generically written as "I -> {{b}}vi". Cm -> A would be written "i -> {{s}}VI" - the 6th note of C Minor is A{{b}}, but we sharp it to get A. We must use "I" or "i" to indicate the original key. "IV -> V" makes no sense - we are moving from the 4th note of ''what'' key? We are also bound to the common heptatonic major and natural minor scales. If the source or destination keys use other scales, they must be written out fully - "A modulation from lydian to the harmonic minor key built on its 4th note".
== Common Modulations ==