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=== Common Chord ===
Uses a chord common to the source and destination keys to transition between them.
G Em D/A G
C: I iii
G: vi V/ii I
E--0-------0-------2------3--
B--1-------0-------3------3--
G--0-------0-------2------0--
D--2-------2-------0------0--
A--3-------2-------0------2--
E----------0--------------3--
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==== Enharmonic Chord ====
Even if two keys do not have the same chords in way of naming conventions, they may have chords that are enharmonically equivalent. For example, the keys of C{{s}} and C{{f}} have no chords in common by name. C{{s}} has only {{s}} chords and C{{f}} has only {{f}} chords. Yet, E{{f}}m and D{{s}}m are enharmonic, as are G{{b}} and F{{s}}.
C# D#m Gb Cb
Ebm
C#: I ii
Cb: iii V I
E---1-------2-------2------2--
B---2-------4-------2------4--
G---1-------3-------2------4--
D---3-------1-------4------4--
A---4---------------4------2--
E-------------------2---------
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=== Common Tone ===
A note common to the source and destination key is sustained during the transition. For example, a C ==> Em E modulation could sustain the E A in the I vi chord of C (Am) while moving to the i IV chord of EmE (A), which also contains A. C Am A B7 E. C: I vi E: IV V7 I E--0---0---0---2---0-- B--1---1---2---0---0-- G--0---2---2---2---1-- D--2---2---2---1---2-- A--3---0---0---2---2-- E------------------0--
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For example, consider the following progression:
Cm B B{{f}}m Bbm A A{{f}}m Abm G E{{f}}m Ebm A{{f}}mAbm Cm: i VII B{{f}}mBbm: i VII A{{f}}mAbm: i VII v i
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