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→Inter-relation of Keys
G - A - B - C - D - E - F# - G
F and C Major differ by only one note (C Major has a B while F Major has a BbB{{b}}). Similarly, C and G also differ by one note (F vs. F#{{s}}). Let's look at the whole-half patterns:
w w h w w w h
The full circle only consists of the 12 tones, which can be arranged like the hours on an analog clock. The points opposite each other (12 vs. 6, 3 vs. 9, 11 vs. 5, etc.) are the least related, while the points nearest each other (12 and 1, 1 and 2, etc.) are most related. As we go right or clockwise, we sharp the 4th of the current key to get the next key. For example in C Major, sharping the 4th (F) gives us the scale of G Major. As we left or counter-clockwise, we flatten the 7th of the current key to get the next key. For C Major, we flat the B to get F Major.
So each movement is a single note difference. Note that the major scale has two half-steps, which means two notes right next to each other. Every other major or natural minor scale has to contain at least one of these notes, since the largest movement between neighboring notes is a whole step. So the least related scales will share 2 notes. For example, C and C# {{s}} don't share any notes by name - every note in C is the same note in C# {{s}} but sharped. However, E# {{s}} = F and B# {{s}} = C; so they still have two notes in common.
== Full Circle ==