Difference between revisions of "Ref: Circle of Fifths"
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| + | {{crumbs|red|2 | ||
| + | |Ref: Common Scales|Scales | ||
| + | |Ref: Circle of Fifths|Circle of 5ths | ||
| + | |Ref: Fret Maps for all Keys|Fret Maps | ||
| + | |Ref: CAGED Chord Charts|CAGED Charts | ||
| + | |Ref: Diatonic Chords for all Keys|Diatonic Chords | ||
| + | |Ref: Chord Fingerings/Voicings|Chord Fingerings | ||
| + | |Ref: Chord Names/Notes/Spellings|Chord Naming | ||
| + | |Ref: Common Chord Progressions|Progressions | ||
| + | |Ref: Modes|Modes | ||
| + | |Ref: Counting Rhythm|Counting Rhythm | ||
| + | |Ref: Common Arpeggios|Arpeggios | ||
| + | |Ref: Reading Tab|Reading Tab | ||
| + | |Ref: Reading Chord Charts, Scale Maps, and Strumming Notation|Other Notation}} | ||
| + | |||
== Clock Visualization == | == Clock Visualization == | ||
| − | + | {{crumbs|blue|1 | |
| − | + | |Ref: Circle of Fifths#Clock Visualization|Circle | |
| − | + | |Ref: Circle of Fifths#Tables of fifths w/ scales|Scales Grid | |
| − | + | |Ref: Circle of Fifths#Fifths and equivalents|Enharmonic 5ths | |
| − | + | |Ref: Circle of Fifths#Rules and Guidelines|Note Changes | |
| − | + | |Ref: Circle of Fifths#Equivalent Pitches for Scales Below/Above by Interval|Common Notes b/t Keys | |
| − | + | |Ref: Circle of Fifths#Harmony between Keys|Harmony b/t Keys}} | |
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So assuming C is "12 o'Clock", our circle of fifths looks like this: | So assuming C is "12 o'Clock", our circle of fifths looks like this: | ||
{|class="mycellpadding" | {|class="mycellpadding" | ||
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Notice the 2 intervals of equal distance from the root are inversions of each other (P4 - P5, m7 - M2, m3 - M6, m6 - M3, m2 - M7). | Notice the 2 intervals of equal distance from the root are inversions of each other (P4 - P5, m7 - M2, m3 - M6, m6 - M3, m2 - M7). | ||
| − | + | {{top}} | |
== Tables of fifths w/ scales == | == Tables of fifths w/ scales == | ||
===Major - C{{f}} to C{{s}}=== | ===Major - C{{f}} to C{{s}}=== | ||
| − | + | {{crumbs|blue|2 | |
| − | + | |Ref: Circle of Fifths#Clock Visualization|Circle | |
| − | + | |Ref: Circle of Fifths#Tables of fifths w/ scales|Scales Grid | |
| − | + | |Ref: Circle of Fifths#Fifths and equivalents|Enharmonic 5ths | |
| − | + | |Ref: Circle of Fifths#Rules and Guidelines|Note Changes | |
| − | + | |Ref: Circle of Fifths#Equivalent Pitches for Scales Below/Above by Interval|Common Notes b/t Keys | |
| − | + | |Ref: Circle of Fifths#Harmony between Keys|Harmony b/t Keys}} | |
| − | + | ||
| − | + | {{crumbs|green|1 | |
| − | + | |Ref: Circle of Fifths#Major_-_C.E2.99.AD_to_C.E2.99.AF|Major | |
| + | |Ref: Circle of Fifths#Natural Minor - A.E2.99.AD to A.E2.99.AF|Natural Minor | ||
| + | |Ref: Circle of Fifths#Harmonic Minor - A.E2.99.AD to A.E2.99.AF|Harmonic Minor}} | ||
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Notice the 4ths and 7ths - this is where the notes flatten/sharpen when shifting keys up/down a fifth (or down/up a fourth). | Notice the 4ths and 7ths - this is where the notes flatten/sharpen when shifting keys up/down a fifth (or down/up a fourth). | ||
| − | + | {{top}} | |
===Natural Minor - A{{f}} to A{{s}}=== | ===Natural Minor - A{{f}} to A{{s}}=== | ||
| − | + | {{crumbs|blue|2 | |
| − | + | |Ref: Circle of Fifths#Clock Visualization|Circle | |
| − | + | |Ref: Circle of Fifths#Tables of fifths w/ scales|Scales Grid | |
| − | + | |Ref: Circle of Fifths#Fifths and equivalents|Enharmonic 5ths | |
| − | + | |Ref: Circle of Fifths#Rules and Guidelines|Note Changes | |
| − | + | |Ref: Circle of Fifths#Equivalent Pitches for Scales Below/Above by Interval|Common Notes b/t Keys | |
| − | + | |Ref: Circle of Fifths#Harmony between Keys|Harmony b/t Keys}} | |
| − | + | ||
| − | + | {{crumbs|green|2 | |
| − | + | |Ref: Circle of Fifths#Major_-_C.E2.99.AD_to_C.E2.99.AF|Major | |
| + | |Ref: Circle of Fifths#Natural Minor - A.E2.99.AD to A.E2.99.AF|Natural Minor | ||
| + | |Ref: Circle of Fifths#Harmonic Minor - A.E2.99.AD to A.E2.99.AF|Harmonic Minor}} | ||
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{| class="wikitable" | {| class="wikitable" | ||
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Notice the 2nds and 6ths - this is where the notes flatten/sharpen when shifting keys up/down a fifth (or down/up a fourth). | Notice the 2nds and 6ths - this is where the notes flatten/sharpen when shifting keys up/down a fifth (or down/up a fourth). | ||
| − | + | {{top}} | |
===Harmonic Minor - A{{f}} to A{{s}}=== | ===Harmonic Minor - A{{f}} to A{{s}}=== | ||
| − | + | {{crumbs|blue|2 | |
| − | + | |Ref: Circle of Fifths#Clock Visualization|Circle | |
| − | + | |Ref: Circle of Fifths#Tables of fifths w/ scales|Scales Grid | |
| − | + | |Ref: Circle of Fifths#Fifths and equivalents|Enharmonic 5ths | |
| − | + | |Ref: Circle of Fifths#Rules and Guidelines|Note Changes | |
| − | + | |Ref: Circle of Fifths#Equivalent Pitches for Scales Below/Above by Interval|Common Notes b/t Keys | |
| − | + | |Ref: Circle of Fifths#Harmony between Keys|Harmony b/t Keys}} | |
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| − | + | {{crumbs|green|3 | |
| − | + | |Ref: Circle of Fifths#Major_-_C.E2.99.AD_to_C.E2.99.AF|Major | |
| + | |Ref: Circle of Fifths#Natural Minor - A.E2.99.AD to A.E2.99.AF|Natural Minor | ||
| + | |Ref: Circle of Fifths#Harmonic Minor - A.E2.99.AD to A.E2.99.AF|Harmonic Minor}} | ||
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{| class="wikitable" | {| class="wikitable" | ||
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== Fifths and equivalents == | == Fifths and equivalents == | ||
| − | + | {{crumbs|blue|3 | |
| − | + | |Ref: Circle of Fifths#Clock Visualization|Circle | |
| − | + | |Ref: Circle of Fifths#Tables of fifths w/ scales|Scales Grid | |
| − | + | |Ref: Circle of Fifths#Fifths and equivalents|Enharmonic 5ths | |
| − | + | |Ref: Circle of Fifths#Rules and Guidelines|Note Changes | |
| − | + | |Ref: Circle of Fifths#Equivalent Pitches for Scales Below/Above by Interval|Common Notes b/t Keys | |
| − | + | |Ref: Circle of Fifths#Harmony between Keys|Harmony b/t Keys}} | |
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All columns are equivalent pitches. Each cell is a perfect fifth above the cell to its left. | All columns are equivalent pitches. Each cell is a perfect fifth above the cell to its left. | ||
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|} | |} | ||
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== Rules and Guidelines == | == Rules and Guidelines == | ||
| − | + | {{crumbs|blue|4 | |
| − | + | |Ref: Circle of Fifths#Clock Visualization|Circle | |
| − | + | |Ref: Circle of Fifths#Tables of fifths w/ scales|Scales Grid | |
| − | + | |Ref: Circle of Fifths#Fifths and equivalents|Enharmonic 5ths | |
| − | + | |Ref: Circle of Fifths#Rules and Guidelines|Note Changes | |
| − | + | |Ref: Circle of Fifths#Equivalent Pitches for Scales Below/Above by Interval|Common Notes b/t Keys | |
| − | + | |Ref: Circle of Fifths#Harmony between Keys|Harmony b/t Keys}} | |
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The 1.____ scale a perfect fifth 2.____ the current scale contains the same notes but the 3.___ in the current scale is 4.____ to become the 5.____ of the new scale. | The 1.____ scale a perfect fifth 2.____ the current scale contains the same notes but the 3.___ in the current scale is 4.____ to become the 5.____ of the new scale. | ||
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|} | |} | ||
| − | + | {{top}} | |
== Equivalent Pitches for Scales Below/Above by Interval == | == Equivalent Pitches for Scales Below/Above by Interval == | ||
| − | + | {{crumbs|blue|5 | |
| − | + | |Ref: Circle of Fifths#Clock Visualization|Circle | |
| − | + | |Ref: Circle of Fifths#Tables of fifths w/ scales|Scales Grid | |
| − | + | |Ref: Circle of Fifths#Fifths and equivalents|Enharmonic 5ths | |
| − | + | |Ref: Circle of Fifths#Rules and Guidelines|Note Changes | |
| − | + | |Ref: Circle of Fifths#Equivalent Pitches for Scales Below/Above by Interval|Common Notes b/t Keys | |
| − | + | |Ref: Circle of Fifths#Harmony between Keys|Harmony b/t Keys}} | |
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Modulating from any major scale to a new major scale that is ___ interval above/below the original key has ___ same pitches and {{s}}/{{f}} per note: | Modulating from any major scale to a new major scale that is ___ interval above/below the original key has ___ same pitches and {{s}}/{{f}} per note: | ||
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<nowiki>*</nowiki> Note: All intervals in above table are ''above'' the root note | <nowiki>*</nowiki> Note: All intervals in above table are ''above'' the root note | ||
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=== Harmonic Minor === | === Harmonic Minor === | ||
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|} | |} | ||
| − | + | {{top}} | |
== Harmony between Keys == | == Harmony between Keys == | ||
| − | + | {{crumbs|blue|6 | |
| − | + | |Ref: Circle of Fifths#Clock Visualization|Circle | |
| − | + | |Ref: Circle of Fifths#Tables of fifths w/ scales|Scales Grid | |
| − | + | |Ref: Circle of Fifths#Fifths and equivalents|Enharmonic 5ths | |
| − | + | |Ref: Circle of Fifths#Rules and Guidelines|Note Changes | |
| − | + | |Ref: Circle of Fifths#Equivalent Pitches for Scales Below/Above by Interval|Common Notes b/t Keys | |
| − | + | |Ref: Circle of Fifths#Harmony between Keys|Harmony b/t Keys}} | |
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=== From Major === | === From Major === | ||
==== to Major ==== | ==== to Major ==== | ||
| − | + | {{crumbs|green|1 | |
| − | + | |Ref: Circle of Fifths#From Major|From Major | |
| − | + | |Ref: Circle of Fifths#From Minor|From Minor | |
| − | + | |Ref: Circle of Fifths#From Harmonic Minor|From Harm Minor | |
| − | + | |Ref: Circle of Fifths#Common Notes Table|Common Notes}} | |
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| − | + | {{crumbs|orange|1 | |
| − | + | |Ref: Circle of Fifths#to Major|to Major | |
| − | + | |Ref: Circle of Fifths#to Minor|to Nat Minor | |
| − | + | |Ref: Circle of Fifths#to Harmonic Minor|to Harm Minor}} | |
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{| class = "wikitable" | {| class = "wikitable" | ||
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| − | + | {{top}} | |
==== to Minor ==== | ==== to Minor ==== | ||
| − | + | {{crumbs|green|1 | |
| − | + | |Ref: Circle of Fifths#From Major|From Major | |
| − | + | |Ref: Circle of Fifths#From Minor|From Minor | |
| − | + | |Ref: Circle of Fifths#From Harmonic Minor|From Harm Minor | |
| − | + | |Ref: Circle of Fifths#Common Notes Table|Common Notes}} | |
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| − | + | {{crumbs|orange|2 | |
| − | + | |Ref: Circle of Fifths#to Major|to Major | |
| − | + | |Ref: Circle of Fifths#to Minor|to Nat Minor | |
| − | + | |Ref: Circle of Fifths#to Harmonic Minor|to Harm Minor}} | |
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{| class = "wikitable" | {| class = "wikitable" | ||
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==== to Harmonic Minor ==== | ==== to Harmonic Minor ==== | ||
| − | + | {{crumbs|green|1 | |
| − | + | |Ref: Circle of Fifths#From Major|From Major | |
| − | + | |Ref: Circle of Fifths#From Minor|From Minor | |
| − | + | |Ref: Circle of Fifths#From Harmonic Minor|From Harm Minor | |
| − | + | |Ref: Circle of Fifths#Common Notes Table|Common Notes}} | |
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| − | + | {{crumbs|orange|3 | |
| − | + | |Ref: Circle of Fifths#to Major|to Major | |
| − | + | |Ref: Circle of Fifths#to Minor|to Nat Minor | |
| − | + | |Ref: Circle of Fifths#to Harmonic Minor|to Harm Minor}} | |
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{| class = "wikitable" | {| class = "wikitable" | ||
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|} | |} | ||
| − | + | {{top}} | |
=== From Minor === | === From Minor === | ||
==== to Major ==== | ==== to Major ==== | ||
| − | + | {{crumbs|green|2 | |
| − | + | |Ref: Circle of Fifths#From Major|From Major | |
| − | + | |Ref: Circle of Fifths#From Minor|From Minor | |
| − | + | |Ref: Circle of Fifths#From Harmonic Minor|From Harm Minor | |
| − | + | |Ref: Circle of Fifths#Common Notes Table|Common Notes}} | |
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| − | + | {{crumbs|orange|1 | |
| − | + | |Ref: Circle of Fifths#to Major_2|to Major | |
| − | + | |Ref: Circle of Fifths#to Minor_2|to Nat Minor | |
| − | + | |Ref: Circle of Fifths#to Harmonic Minor_2|to Harm Minor}} | |
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{| class = "wikitable" | {| class = "wikitable" | ||
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==== to Minor ==== | ==== to Minor ==== | ||
| − | + | {{crumbs|green|2 | |
| − | + | |Ref: Circle of Fifths#From Major|From Major | |
| − | + | |Ref: Circle of Fifths#From Minor|From Minor | |
| − | + | |Ref: Circle of Fifths#From Harmonic Minor|From Harm Minor | |
| − | + | |Ref: Circle of Fifths#Common Notes Table|Common Notes}} | |
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| − | + | {{crumbs|orange|2 | |
| − | + | |Ref: Circle of Fifths#to Major_2|to Major | |
| − | + | |Ref: Circle of Fifths#to Minor_2|to Nat Minor | |
| − | + | |Ref: Circle of Fifths#to Harmonic Minor_2|to Harm Minor}} | |
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{| class = "wikitable" | {| class = "wikitable" | ||
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==== to Harmonic Minor ==== | ==== to Harmonic Minor ==== | ||
| − | + | {{crumbs|green|2 | |
| − | + | |Ref: Circle of Fifths#From Major|From Major | |
| − | + | |Ref: Circle of Fifths#From Minor|From Minor | |
| − | + | |Ref: Circle of Fifths#From Harmonic Minor|From Harm Minor | |
| − | + | |Ref: Circle of Fifths#Common Notes Table|Common Notes}} | |
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| − | + | |Ref: Circle of Fifths#to Major_2|to Major | |
| − | + | |Ref: Circle of Fifths#to Minor_2|to Nat Minor | |
| − | + | |Ref: Circle of Fifths#to Harmonic Minor_2|to Harm Minor}} | |
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{| class = "wikitable" | {| class = "wikitable" | ||
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=== From Harmonic Minor === | === From Harmonic Minor === | ||
==== to Major ==== | ==== to Major ==== | ||
| − | + | {{crumbs|green|4 | |
| − | + | |Ref: Circle of Fifths#From Major|From Major | |
| − | + | |Ref: Circle of Fifths#From Minor|From Minor | |
| − | + | |Ref: Circle of Fifths#From Harmonic Minor|From Harm Minor | |
| − | + | |Ref: Circle of Fifths#Common Notes Table|Common Notes}} | |
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| − | + | |Ref: Circle of Fifths#to Major_3|to Major | |
| − | + | |Ref: Circle of Fifths#to Minor_3|to Nat Minor | |
| − | + | |Ref: Circle of Fifths#to Harmonic Minor_3|to Harm Minor}} | |
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{| class = "wikitable" | {| class = "wikitable" | ||
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==== to Minor ==== | ==== to Minor ==== | ||
| − | + | {{crumbs|green|3 | |
| − | + | |Ref: Circle of Fifths#From Major|From Major | |
| − | + | |Ref: Circle of Fifths#From Minor|From Minor | |
| − | + | |Ref: Circle of Fifths#From Harmonic Minor|From Harm Minor | |
| − | + | |Ref: Circle of Fifths#Common Notes Table|Common Notes}} | |
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| − | + | |Ref: Circle of Fifths#to Major_3|to Major | |
| − | + | |Ref: Circle of Fifths#to Minor_3|to Nat Minor | |
| − | + | |Ref: Circle of Fifths#to Harmonic Minor_3|to Harm Minor}} | |
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==== to Harmonic Minor ==== | ==== to Harmonic Minor ==== | ||
| − | + | {{crumbs|green|3 | |
| − | + | |Ref: Circle of Fifths#From Major|From Major | |
| − | + | |Ref: Circle of Fifths#From Minor|From Minor | |
| − | + | |Ref: Circle of Fifths#From Harmonic Minor|From Harm Minor | |
| − | + | |Ref: Circle of Fifths#Common Notes Table|Common Notes}} | |
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| − | + | |Ref: Circle of Fifths#to Major_3|to Major | |
| − | + | |Ref: Circle of Fifths#to Minor_3|to Nat Minor | |
| − | + | |Ref: Circle of Fifths#to Harmonic Minor_3|to Harm Minor}} | |
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{| class = "wikitable" | {| class = "wikitable" | ||
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=== Common Notes Table === | === Common Notes Table === | ||
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| − | + | |Ref: Circle of Fifths#From Major|From Major | |
| − | + | |Ref: Circle of Fifths#From Minor|From Minor | |
| − | + | |Ref: Circle of Fifths#From Harmonic Minor|From Harm Minor | |
| − | + | |Ref: Circle of Fifths#Common Notes Table|Common Notes}} | |
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{|class="wikitable" | {|class="wikitable" | ||
!colspan="2"| | !colspan="2"| | ||
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| '''P4''' || 3 || '''5''' || 4 | | '''P4''' || 3 || '''5''' || 4 | ||
|} | |} | ||
| + | |||
| + | {{crumbs|red|2 | ||
| + | |Ref: Common Scales|Scales | ||
| + | |Ref: Circle of Fifths|Circle of 5ths | ||
| + | |Ref: Fret Maps for all Keys|Fret Maps | ||
| + | |Ref: CAGED Chord Charts|CAGED Charts | ||
| + | |Ref: Diatonic Chords for all Keys|Diatonic Chords | ||
| + | |Ref: Chord Fingerings/Voicings|Chord Fingerings | ||
| + | |Ref: Chord Names/Notes/Spellings|Chord Naming | ||
| + | |Ref: Common Chord Progressions|Progressions | ||
| + | |Ref: Modes|Modes | ||
| + | |Ref: Counting Rhythm|Counting Rhythm | ||
| + | |Ref: Common Arpeggios|Arpeggios | ||
| + | |Ref: Reading Tab|Reading Tab | ||
| + | |Ref: Reading Chord Charts, Scale Maps, and Strumming Notation|Other Notation}} | ||
[[Category:Guitar]] | [[Category:Guitar]] | ||
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[[Category:Harmony]] | [[Category:Harmony]] | ||
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Revision as of 15:07, 16 February 2015
Contents
Clock Visualization
So assuming C is "12 o'Clock", our circle of fifths looks like this:
| F | C | G | ||
| B♭ | D | |||
| E♭ | A | |||
| A♭ | E | |||
| D♭ | G♭ | B |
Since the standard Western chromatic scale is composed of 12 notes, they match up to the 12 hours of an analog clock. Closely-related keys are adjacent, both clockwise and counter-clockwise, while the distantly-related keys are opposite (6 fifths (or "hours") apart).
Moving only clockwise and using strict naming for each P5, we require to start using sharps once we hit 6 o'clock. Notice that the sharp keys are enharmonic to the flat keys above. Here's the same visualization using sharp keys instead of flats:
| E♯ | C | G | ||
| A♯ | D | |||
| D♯ | A | |||
| G♯ | E | |||
| C♯ | F♯ | B |
If we kept going, B♯ would be the next P5 we reach at 12 o'clock, enharmonic to C. We could keep going around and start using double, then triple sharps, and so on. On the other hand, if we move strict P4's going clockwise, we get the following:
| F | C | A♭♭ | ||
| B♭ | E♭♭ | |||
| E♭ | B♭♭ | |||
| A♭ | F♭ | |||
| D♭ | G♭ | C♭ |
If we kept going, 12 o'clock would be D♭♭, and again, we'd be venturing into double and triple flats and beyond.
And if 12 o'clock is the root, the interval between root and each note is as follows:
| P4 | U | P5 | ||
| m7 | M2 | |||
| m3 | M6 | |||
| m6 | M3 | |||
| m2 | tt | M7 |
Notice the 2 intervals of equal distance from the root are inversions of each other (P4 - P5, m7 - M2, m3 - M6, m6 - M3, m2 - M7).
Tables of fifths w/ scales
Major - C♭ to C♯
| Key | C♭ | G♭ | D♭ | A♭ | E♭ | B♭ | F | C | G | D | A | E | B | F♯ | C♯ |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Flats/ Sharps |
7 ♭'s | 6 ♭'s | 5 ♭'s | 4 ♭'s | 3 ♭'s | 2 ♭'s | 1 ♭'s | 0 ♭/♯'s | 1 ♯'s | 2 ♯'s | 3 ♯'s | 4 ♯'s | 5 ♯'s | 6 ♯'s | 7 ♯'s |
| Uni | C♭ | G♭ | D♭ | A♭ | E♭ | B♭ | F | C | G | D | A | E | B | F♯ | C♯ |
| 2nd | D♭ | A♭ | E♭ | B♭ | F | C | G | D | A | E | B | F♯ | C♯ | G♯ | D♯ |
| 3rd | E♭ | B♭ | F | C | G | D | A | E | B | F♯ | C♯ | G♯ | D♯ | A♯ | E♯ |
| 4th | F♭ | C♭ | G♭ | D♭ | A♭ | E♭ | B♭ | F | C | G | D | A | E | B | F♯ |
| 5th | G♭ | D♭ | A♭ | E♭ | B♭ | F | C | G | D | A | E | B | F♯ | C♯ | G♯ |
| 6th | A♭ | E♭ | B♭ | F | C | G | D | A | E | B | F♯ | C♯ | G♯ | D♯ | A♯ |
| 7th | B♭ | F | C | G | D | A | E | B | F♯ | C♯ | G♯ | D♯ | A♯ | E♯ | B♯ |
| Oct | C♭ | G♭ | D♭ | A♭ | E♭ | B♭ | F | C | G | D | A | E | B | F♯ | C♯ |
Notice the 4ths and 7ths - this is where the notes flatten/sharpen when shifting keys up/down a fifth (or down/up a fourth).
Natural Minor - A♭ to A♯
| Key | A♭ | E♭ | B♭ | F | C | G | D | A | E | B | F♯ | C♯ | G♯ | D♯ | A♯ |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Flats/ Sharps |
7 ♭'s | 6 ♭'s | 5 ♭'s | 4 ♭'s | 3 ♭'s | 2 ♭'s | 1 ♭'s | 0 ♭/♯'s | 1 ♯'s | 2 ♯'s | 3 ♯'s | 4 ♯'s | 5 ♯'s | 6 ♯'s | 7 ♯'s |
| Uni | A♭ | E♭ | B♭ | F | C | G | D | A | E | B | F♯ | C♯ | G♯ | D♯ | A♯ |
| 2nd | B♭ | F | C | G | D | A | E | B | F♯ | C♯ | G♯ | D♯ | A♯ | E♯ | B♯ |
| 3rd | C♭ | G♭ | D♭ | A♭ | E♭ | B♭ | F | C | G | D | A | E | B | F♯ | C♯ |
| 4nd | D♭ | A♭ | E♭ | B♭ | F | C | G | D | A | E | B | F♯ | C♯ | G♯ | D♯ |
| 5rd | E♭ | B♭ | F | C | G | D | A | E | B | F♯ | C♯ | G♯ | D♯ | A♯ | E♯ |
| 6th | F♭ | C♭ | G♭ | D♭ | A♭ | E♭ | B♭ | F | C | G | D | A | E | B | F♯ |
| 7th | G♭ | D♭ | A♭ | E♭ | B♭ | F | C | G | D | A | E | B | F♯ | C♯ | G♯ |
| Oct | A♭ | E♭ | B♭ | F | C | G | D | A | E | B | F♯ | C♯ | G♯ | D♯ | A♯ |
Notice the 2nds and 6ths - this is where the notes flatten/sharpen when shifting keys up/down a fifth (or down/up a fourth).
Harmonic Minor - A♭ to A♯
| Key | A♭ | E♭ | B♭ | F | C | G | D | A | E | B | F♯ | C♯ | G♯ | D♯ | A♯ |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Uni | A♭ | E♭ | B♭ | F | C | G | D | A | E | B | F♯ | C♯ | G♯ | D♯ | A♯ |
| 2nd | B♭ | F | C | G | D | A | E | B | F♯ | C♯ | G♯ | D♯ | A♯ | E♯ | B♯ |
| 3rd | C♭ | G♭ | D♭ | A♭ | E♭ | B♭ | F | C | G | D | A | E | B | F♯ | C♯ |
| 4nd | D♭ | A♭ | E♭ | B♭ | F | C | G | D | A | E | B | F♯ | C♯ | G♯ | D♯ |
| 5rd | E♭ | B♭ | F | C | G | D | A | E | B | F♯ | C♯ | G♯ | D♯ | A♯ | E♯ |
| 6th | F♭ | C♭ | G♭ | D♭ | A♭ | E♭ | B♭ | F | C | G | D | A | E | B | F♯ |
| 7th | G | D | A | E | B | F♯ | C♯ | G♯ | D♯ | A♯ | E♯ | B♯ | F♯♯ | C♯♯ | G♯♯ |
| Oct | A♭ | E♭ | B♭ | F | C | G | D | A | E | B | F♯ | C♯ | G♯ | D♯ | A♯ |
Fifths and equivalents
All columns are equivalent pitches. Each cell is a perfect fifth above the cell to its left.
| E♭♭♭♭ | B♭♭♭♭ | F♭♭♭ | C♭♭♭ | G♭♭♭ | D♭♭♭ | A♭♭♭ | E♭♭♭ | B♭♭♭ | F♭♭ | C♭♭ | G♭♭ | D♭♭ |
| D♭♭ | A♭♭ | E♭♭ | B♭♭ | F♭ | C♭ | G♭ | D♭ | A♭ | E♭ | B♭ | F | C |
| C | G | D | A | E | B | F♯ | C♯ | G♯ | D♯ | A♯ | E♯ | B♯ |
| B♯ | F♯♯ | C♯♯ | G♯♯ | D♯♯ | A♯♯ | E♯♯ | B♯♯ | F♯♯♯ | C♯♯♯ | G♯♯♯ | D♯♯♯ | A♯♯♯ |
| A♯♯♯ | E♯♯♯ | B♯♯♯ | F♯♯♯♯ | C♯♯♯♯ | G♯♯♯♯ | D♯♯♯♯ | A♯♯♯♯ | E♯♯♯♯ | B♯♯♯♯ | F♯♯♯♯♯ | C♯♯♯♯♯ | G♯♯♯♯♯ |
Rules and Guidelines
The 1.____ scale a perfect fifth 2.____ the current scale contains the same notes but the 3.___ in the current scale is 4.____ to become the 5.____ of the new scale.
| 1 | 2 | 3 | 4 | 5 |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| major | above | P4 | sharped | M7 |
| minor | above | m6 | sharped | M2 |
| major | below | M7 | flattened | P4 |
| minor | below | M2 | flattened | m6 |
Equivalent Pitches for Scales Below/Above by Interval
Modulating from any major scale to a new major scale that is ___ interval above/below the original key has ___ same pitches and ♯/♭ per note:
| Interval Above Root | Uni | m2 | M2 | m3 | M3 | P4 | d5 | P5 | m6 | M6 | m7 | M7 |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Interval Below Root | Uni | M7 | m7 | M6 | m6 | P5 | d5 | P4 | M3 | m3 | M2 | m2 |
| Example Major Key vs C Major | C | C♯ | D | D♯ | E | F | F♯ | G | G♯ | A | A♯ | B |
| Number of Common Pitches | 7 | 2 | 5 | 4 | 3 | 6 | 2 | 6 | 3 | 4 | 5 | 2 |
Which means the most harmonic key changes are:
| Common Notes | Diatonic Keys | Non-Diatonic Keys |
|---|---|---|
| 6 | P4, P5 | |
| 5 | M2 | m7 |
| 4 | M6 | m3 |
| 3 | M3 | m6 |
| 2 | M7 | m2, d5 |
* Note: All intervals in above table are above the root note
Harmonic Minor
| Key | E♭ | B♭ | F | C | G | D | A | E | B | F♯ | C♯ | G♯ | D♯ |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Notes in common w/ Ahm |
4 | 3 | 4 | 4 | 3 | 4 | 7 | 4 | 3 | 4 | 4 | 3 | 4 |
| Interval Above Root | Uni | m2 | M2 | m3 | M3 | P4 | d5 | P5 | m6 | M6 | m7 | M7 |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Interval Below Root | Uni | M7 | m7 | M6 | m6 | P5 | d5 | P4 | M3 | m3 | M2 | m2 |
| Example Harm Minor Key vs A Harm Minor | A | A♯ | B | C | C♯ | D | D♯ | E | F | F♯ | G | G♯ |
| Number of Common Pitches | 7 | 3 | 3 | 4 | 4 | 4 | 4 | 4 | 4 | 4 | 3 | 3 |
| Common Notes | Diatonic Keys | Non-Diatonic Keys |
|---|---|---|
| 4 | m3, P4, P5, m6 | M3, d5, M6 |
| 3 | M2, M7 | m2, m7 |
Harmony between Keys
From Major
to Major
| Common Notes | Diatonic Keys | Non-Diatonic Keys | Example |
|---|---|---|---|
| 6 | P4, P5 | C -> G | |
| 5 | M2 | m7 | C -> D |
| 4 | M6 | m3 | C -> A |
| 3 | M3 | m6 | C -> E |
| 2 | M7 | m2, d5 | C -> B |
to Minor
| Common Notes | Diatonic Keys | Non-Diatonic Keys | Example |
|---|---|---|---|
| 7 | M6 | C -> Am | |
| 6 | M2, M3 | C -> Dm | |
| 5 | P5, M7 | C -> Gm | |
| 4 | U | d5 | C -> Cm |
| 3 | P4 | m2 | C -> Fm |
| 2 | m6, m7, m3 | C -> A♭m |
to Harmonic Minor
| Common Notes | Diatonic Keys | Non-Diatonic Keys | Example |
|---|---|---|---|
| 6 | M6 | C -> Ahm | |
| 5 | U, M2, M3 | C -> Dhm | |
| 4 | M7 | d5, m7 | C -> Bhm |
| 3 | P4, P5 | m2, m3, m6 | C -> Ghm |
From Minor
to Major
| Common Notes | Diatonic Keys | Non-Diatonic Keys | Example |
|---|---|---|---|
| 7 | m3 | Am -> C | |
| 6 | m7, m6 | Am -> G | |
| 5 | P4 | m2 | Am -> D |
| 4 | U | d5 | Am -> A |
| 3 | P5 | M7 | Am -> E |
| 2 | M2 | M3, M6 | Am -> B |
to Minor
| Common Notes | Diatonic Keys | Non-Diatonic Keys | Example |
|---|---|---|---|
| 6 | P4, P5 | Am -> Em | |
| 5 | M2, m7 | Am -> Bm | |
| 4 | m3 | M6 | Am -> Cm |
| 3 | m6 | M3 | Am -> Fm |
| 2 | m2, d5, M7 | Am -> E♭m |
to Harmonic Minor
| Common Notes | Diatonic Keys | Non-Diatonic Keys | Example |
|---|---|---|---|
| 6 | U | Am -> Ahm | |
| 5 | P4, P5 | Am -> Dhm | |
| 4 | m3, M2 | M6, m2 | Am -> Chm |
| 3 | m6, m7 | M3, d5, M7 | Am -> Fhm |
From Harmonic Minor
to Major
| Common Notes | Diatonic Keys | Non-Diatonic Keys | Example |
|---|---|---|---|
| 6 | m3 | Ahm -> C | |
| 5 | m6 | m7 | Ahm -> F |
| 4 | U, M2 | m2, d5 | Ahm -> A |
| 3 | P4, P5, M7 | M6, M3 | Ahm -> D |
to Minor
| Common Notes | Diatonic Keys | Non-Diatonic Keys | Example |
|---|---|---|---|
| 6 | U | Ahm -> Am | |
| 5 | P4, P5 | Ahm -> Dm | |
| 4 | m3 | M6, m7, m2 | Ahm -> Cm |
| 3 | m6, M2 | M3, d5, m2 | Ahm -> Fm |
to Harmonic Minor
| Common Notes | Diatonic Keys | Non-Diatonic Keys | Example |
|---|---|---|---|
| 4 | m3, P4, P5, m6 | M3, d5, M6 | Ahm -> Chm |
| 3 | M2, M7 | m2, m7 | Ahm -> Bhm |
Common Notes Table
| Key 2 Type | ||||
|---|---|---|---|---|
| Key 1 Type | Key 2 Root's relation to Key 1 Root |
Major | Minor | Harmonic Minor |
| Major | ||||
| U | 7 | 4 | 5 | |
| m2 | 2 | 3 | 3 | |
| M2 | 5 | 6 | 5 | |
| m3 | 4 | 2 | 3 | |
| M3 | 3 | 6 | 5 | |
| P4 | 6 | 3 | 3 | |
| tt | 2 | 4 | 4 | |
| P5 | 6 | 5 | 3 | |
| m6 | 3 | 2 | 3 | |
| M6 | 4 | 7 | 6 | |
| m7 | 5 | 2 | 4 | |
| M7 | 2 | 5 | 4 | |
| Minor | ||||
| U | 4 | 7 | 6 | |
| m2 | 5 | 2 | 4 | |
| M2 | 2 | 5 | 4 | |
| m3 | 7 | 4 | 5 | |
| M3 | 2 | 3 | 3 | |
| P4 | 5 | 6 | 5 | |
| tt | 4 | 2 | 3 | |
| P5 | 3 | 6 | 5 | |
| m6 | 6 | 3 | 3 | |
| M6 | 2 | 4 | 4 | |
| m7 | 6 | 5 | 3 | |
| M7 | 3 | 2 | 3 | |
| Harmonic Minor | ||||
| U | 4 | 6 | 7 | |
| m2 | 4 | 3 | 3 | |
| M2 | 4 | 3 | 3 | |
| m3 | 6 | 4 | 4 | |
| M3 | 3 | 3 | 4 | |
| P4 | 3 | 5 | 4 | |
| tt | 4 | 3 | 4 | |
| P5 | 3 | 5 | 4 | |
| m6 | 5 | 3 | 4 | |
| M6 | 3 | 4 | 4 | |
| m7 | 5 | 4 | 3 | |
| M7 | 3 | 3 | 3 | |
| Key 2 Type | ||||
|---|---|---|---|---|
| Key 1 Type | Key 2 Root's relation to Key 1 Root |
Major | Minor | Harmonic Minor |
| Major | ||||
| U | 7 | 4 | 5 | |
| P5 | 6 | 5 | 3 | |
| M2 | 5 | 6 | 5 | |
| M6 | 4 | 7 | 6 | |
| M3 | 3 | 6 | 5 | |
| M7 | 2 | 5 | 4 | |
| tt | 2 | 4 | 4 | |
| m2 | 2 | 3 | 3 | |
| m6 | 3 | 2 | 3 | |
| m3 | 4 | 2 | 3 | |
| m7 | 5 | 2 | 4 | |
| P4 | 6 | 3 | 3 | |
| Minor | ||||
| U | 4 | 7 | 6 | |
| P5 | 3 | 6 | 5 | |
| M2 | 2 | 5 | 4 | |
| M6 | 2 | 4 | 4 | |
| M3 | 2 | 3 | 3 | |
| M7 | 3 | 2 | 3 | |
| tt | 4 | 2 | 3 | |
| m2 | 5 | 2 | 4 | |
| m6 | 6 | 3 | 3 | |
| m3 | 7 | 4 | 5 | |
| m7 | 6 | 5 | 3 | |
| P4 | 5 | 6 | 5 | |
| Harmonic Minor | ||||
| U | 4 | 6 | 7 | |
| P5 | 3 | 5 | 4 | |
| M2 | 4 | 3 | 3 | |
| M6 | 3 | 4 | 4 | |
| M3 | 3 | 3 | 4 | |
| M7 | 3 | 3 | 3 | |
| tt | 4 | 3 | 4 | |
| m2 | 4 | 3 | 3 | |
| m6 | 5 | 3 | 4 | |
| m3 | 6 | 4 | 4 | |
| m7 | 5 | 4 | 3 | |
| P4 | 3 | 5 | 4 | |