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Difference between revisions of "Ref: Circle of Fifths"

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Notice the 2 intervals of equal distance from the root are inversions of each other (P4 - P5, m7 - M2, m3 - M6, m6 - M3, m2 - M7).
 
Notice the 2 intervals of equal distance from the root are inversions of each other (P4 - P5, m7 - M2, m3 - M6, m6 - M3, m2 - M7).
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== Tables of fifths w/ scales ==
 
== Tables of fifths w/ scales ==
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Notice the 4ths and 7ths - this is where the notes flatten/sharpen when shifting keys up/down a fifth (or down/up a fourth).
 
Notice the 4ths and 7ths - this is where the notes flatten/sharpen when shifting keys up/down a fifth (or down/up a fourth).
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===Natural Minor - A{{f}} to A{{s}}===
 
===Natural Minor - A{{f}} to A{{s}}===
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Notice the 2nds and 6ths - this is where the notes flatten/sharpen when shifting keys up/down a fifth (or down/up a fourth).
 
Notice the 2nds and 6ths - this is where the notes flatten/sharpen when shifting keys up/down a fifth (or down/up a fourth).
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===Harmonic Minor - A{{f}} to A{{s}}===
 
===Harmonic Minor - A{{f}} to A{{s}}===
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| Oct ||A{{f}} || E{{f}} || B{{f}} || F || C || G || D || A || E || B || F{{s}}|| C{{s}}|| G{{s}} || D{{s}} || A{{s}}
 
| Oct ||A{{f}} || E{{f}} || B{{f}} || F || C || G || D || A || E || B || F{{s}}|| C{{s}}|| G{{s}} || D{{s}} || A{{s}}
 
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== Fifths and equivalents ==
 
== Fifths and equivalents ==
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== Rules and Guidelines ==
 
== Rules and Guidelines ==
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| minor || below || M2 || flattened || m6
 
| minor || below || M2 || flattened || m6
 
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== Equivalent Pitches for Scales Below/Above by Interval ==
 
== Equivalent Pitches for Scales Below/Above by Interval ==
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<nowiki>*</nowiki> Note: All intervals in above table are ''above'' the root note
 
<nowiki>*</nowiki> Note: All intervals in above table are ''above'' the root note
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=== Harmonic Minor ===
 
=== Harmonic Minor ===
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|3 || M2, M7 || m2, m7
 
|3 || M2, M7 || m2, m7
 
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== Harmony between Keys ==
 
== Harmony between Keys ==
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| M7 || m2, d5 || C -> B
 
| M7 || m2, d5 || C -> B
 
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==== to Minor ====
 
==== to Minor ====
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|  || m6, m7, m3 || C -> A{{f}}m
 
|  || m6, m7, m3 || C -> A{{f}}m
 
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==== to Harmonic Minor ====
 
==== to Harmonic Minor ====
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=== From Minor ===
 
=== From Minor ===
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| M2 || M3, M6 || Am -> B
 
| M2 || M3, M6 || Am -> B
 
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==== to Minor ====
 
==== to Minor ====
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| || m2, d5, M7 || Am -> E{{f}}m
 
| || m2, d5, M7 || Am -> E{{f}}m
 
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==== to Harmonic Minor ====
 
==== to Harmonic Minor ====
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=== From Harmonic Minor ===
 
=== From Harmonic Minor ===
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| P4, P5, M7 || M6, M3 || Ahm -> D
 
| P4, P5, M7 || M6, M3 || Ahm -> D
 
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==== to Minor ====
 
==== to Minor ====
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| m6, M2 || M3, d5, m2 || Ahm -> Fm
 
| m6, M2 || M3, d5, m2 || Ahm -> Fm
 
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==== to Harmonic Minor ====
 
==== to Harmonic Minor ====
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| M2, M7 || m2, m7 || Ahm -> Bhm
 
| M2, M7 || m2, m7 || Ahm -> Bhm
 
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=== Common Notes Table ===
 
=== Common Notes Table ===
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| '''P4''' || 3 || '''5''' || 4
 
| '''P4''' || 3 || '''5''' || 4
 
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[[Category:Guitar]]
 
[[Category:Guitar]]
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[[Category:Theory]]
 
[[Category:Theory]]
 
[[Category:Harmony]]
 
[[Category:Harmony]]
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Revision as of 01:32, 7 January 2015

Clock Visualization

Circle Scales Grid Enharmonic 5ths Note Changes Common Notes b/t Keys Harmony b/t Keys

So assuming C is "12 o'Clock", our circle of fifths looks like this:

F C G
B♭ D
E♭ A
A♭ E
D♭ G♭ B

Since the standard Western chromatic scale is composed of 12 notes, they match up to the 12 hours of an analog clock. Closely-related keys are adjacent, both clockwise and counter-clockwise, while the distantly-related keys are opposite (6 fifths (or "hours") apart).

Moving only clockwise and using strict naming for each P5, we require to start using sharps once we hit 6 o'clock. Notice that the sharp keys are enharmonic to the flat keys above. Here's the same visualization using sharp keys instead of flats:

E♯ C G
A♯ D
D♯ A
G♯ E
C♯ F♯ B

If we kept going, B♯ would be the next P5 we reach at 12 o'clock, enharmonic to C. We could keep going around and start using double, then triple sharps, and so on. On the other hand, if we move strict P4's going clockwise, we get the following:

F C A♭♭
B♭ E♭♭
E♭ B♭♭
A♭ F♭
D♭ G♭ C♭

If we kept going, 12 o'clock would be D♭♭, and again, we'd be venturing into double and triple flats and beyond.

And if 12 o'clock is the root, the interval between root and each note is as follows:

P4 U P5
m7 M2
m3 M6
m6 M3
m2 tt M7

Notice the 2 intervals of equal distance from the root are inversions of each other (P4 - P5, m7 - M2, m3 - M6, m6 - M3, m2 - M7).

Top

Tables of fifths w/ scales

Circle Scales Grid Enharmonic 5ths Note Changes Common Notes b/t Keys Harmony b/t Keys

Major - C♭ to C♯

Major Natural Minor Harmonic Minor

Key C♭ G♭ D♭ A♭ E♭ B♭ F C G D A E B F♯ C♯
Flats/
Sharps		 7 ♭'s 6 ♭'s 5 ♭'s 4 ♭'s 3 ♭'s 2 ♭'s 1 ♭'s 0 ♭/♯'s 1 ♯'s 2 ♯'s 3 ♯'s 4 ♯'s 5 ♯'s 6 ♯'s 7 ♯'s
Uni C♭ G♭ D♭ A♭ E♭ B♭ F C G D A E B F♯ C♯
2nd D♭ A♭ E♭ B♭ F C G D A E B F♯ C♯ G♯ D♯
3rd E♭ B♭ F C G D A E B F♯ C♯ G♯ D♯ A♯ E♯
4th F♭ C♭ G♭ D♭ A♭ E♭ B♭ F C G D A E B F♯
5th G♭ D♭ A♭ E♭ B♭ F C G D A E B F♯ C♯ G♯
6th A♭ E♭ B♭ F C G D A E B F♯ C♯ G♯ D♯ A♯
7th B♭ F C G D A E B F♯ C♯ G♯ D♯ A♯ E♯ B♯
Oct C♭ G♭ D♭ A♭ E♭ B♭ F C G D A E B F♯ C♯

Notice the 4ths and 7ths - this is where the notes flatten/sharpen when shifting keys up/down a fifth (or down/up a fourth).

Top

Natural Minor - A♭ to A♯

Major Natural Minor Harmonic Minor

Key A♭ E♭ B♭ F C G D A E B F♯ C♯ G♯ D♯ A♯
Flats/
Sharps		 7 ♭'s 6 ♭'s 5 ♭'s 4 ♭'s 3 ♭'s 2 ♭'s 1 ♭'s 0 ♭/♯'s 1 ♯'s 2 ♯'s 3 ♯'s 4 ♯'s 5 ♯'s 6 ♯'s 7 ♯'s
Uni A♭ E♭ B♭ F C G D A E B F♯ C♯ G♯ D♯ A♯
2nd B♭ F C G D A E B F♯ C♯ G♯ D♯ A♯ E♯ B♯
3rd C♭ G♭ D♭ A♭ E♭ B♭ F C G D A E B F♯ C♯
4nd D♭ A♭ E♭ B♭ F C G D A E B F♯ C♯ G♯ D♯
5rd E♭ B♭ F C G D A E B F♯ C♯ G♯ D♯ A♯ E♯
6th F♭ C♭ G♭ D♭ A♭ E♭ B♭ F C G D A E B F♯
7th G♭ D♭ A♭ E♭ B♭ F C G D A E B F♯ C♯ G♯
Oct A♭ E♭ B♭ F C G D A E B F♯ C♯ G♯ D♯ A♯

Notice the 2nds and 6ths - this is where the notes flatten/sharpen when shifting keys up/down a fifth (or down/up a fourth).

Top

Harmonic Minor - A♭ to A♯

Major Natural Minor Harmonic Minor

Key A♭ E♭ B♭ F C G D A E B F♯ C♯ G♯ D♯ A♯
Uni A♭ E♭ B♭ F C G D A E B F♯ C♯ G♯ D♯ A♯
2nd B♭ F C G D A E B F♯ C♯ G♯ D♯ A♯ E♯ B♯
3rd C♭ G♭ D♭ A♭ E♭ B♭ F C G D A E B F♯ C♯
4nd D♭ A♭ E♭ B♭ F C G D A E B F♯ C♯ G♯ D♯
5rd E♭ B♭ F C G D A E B F♯ C♯ G♯ D♯ A♯ E♯
6th F♭ C♭ G♭ D♭ A♭ E♭ B♭ F C G D A E B F♯
7th G D A E B F♯ C♯ G♯ D♯ A♯ E♯ B♯ F♯♯ C♯♯ G♯♯
Oct A♭ E♭ B♭ F C G D A E B F♯ C♯ G♯ D♯ A♯
Top

Fifths and equivalents

Circle Scales Grid Enharmonic 5ths Note Changes Common Notes b/t Keys Harmony b/t Keys

All columns are equivalent pitches. Each cell is a perfect fifth above the cell to its left.

E♭♭♭♭ B♭♭♭♭ F♭♭♭ C♭♭♭ G♭♭♭ D♭♭♭ A♭♭♭ E♭♭♭ B♭♭♭ F♭♭ C♭♭ G♭♭ D♭♭
D♭♭ A♭♭ E♭♭ B♭♭ F♭ C♭ G♭ D♭ A♭ E♭ B♭ F C
C G D A E B F♯ C♯ G♯ D♯ A♯ E♯ B♯
B♯ F♯♯ C♯♯ G♯♯ D♯♯ A♯♯ E♯♯ B♯♯ F♯♯♯ C♯♯♯ G♯♯♯ D♯♯♯ A♯♯♯
A♯♯♯ E♯♯♯ B♯♯♯ F♯♯♯♯ C♯♯♯♯ G♯♯♯♯ D♯♯♯♯ A♯♯♯♯ E♯♯♯♯ B♯♯♯♯ F♯♯♯♯♯ C♯♯♯♯♯ G♯♯♯♯♯
Top

Rules and Guidelines

Circle Scales Grid Enharmonic 5ths Note Changes Common Notes b/t Keys Harmony b/t Keys

The 1.____ scale a perfect fifth 2.____ the current scale contains the same notes but the 3.___ in the current scale is 4.____ to become the 5.____ of the new scale.

1 2 3 4 5
major above P4 sharped M7
minor above m6 sharped M2
major below M7 flattened P4
minor below M2 flattened m6
Top

Equivalent Pitches for Scales Below/Above by Interval

Circle Scales Grid Enharmonic 5ths Note Changes Common Notes b/t Keys Harmony b/t Keys

Modulating from any major scale to a new major scale that is ___ interval above/below the original key has ___ same pitches and ♯/♭ per note:

Interval Above Root Uni m2 M2 m3 M3 P4 d5 P5 m6 M6 m7 M7
Interval Below Root Uni M7 m7 M6 m6 P5 d5 P4 M3 m3 M2 m2
Example Major Key vs C Major C C♯ D D♯ E F F♯ G G♯ A A♯ B
Number of Common Pitches 7 2 5 4 3 6 2 6 3 4 5 2

Which means the most harmonic key changes are:

Common Notes Diatonic Keys Non-Diatonic Keys
6 P4, P5
5 M2 m7
4 M6 m3
3 M3 m6
2 M7 m2, d5

* Note: All intervals in above table are above the root note

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Harmonic Minor

Key E♭ B♭ F C G D A E B F♯ C♯ G♯ D♯
Notes in
common w/ Ahm 		4 3 4 4 3 4 7 4 3 4 4 3 4
Interval Above Root Uni m2 M2 m3 M3 P4 d5 P5 m6 M6 m7 M7
Interval Below Root Uni M7 m7 M6 m6 P5 d5 P4 M3 m3 M2 m2
Example Harm Minor Key vs A Harm Minor A A♯ B C C♯ D D♯ E F F♯ G G♯
Number of Common Pitches 7 3 3 4 4 4 4 4 4 4 3 3
Common Notes Diatonic Keys Non-Diatonic Keys
4 m3, P4, P5, m6 M3, d5, M6
3 M2, M7 m2, m7
Top

Harmony between Keys

Circle Scales Grid Enharmonic 5ths Note Changes Common Notes b/t Keys Harmony b/t Keys

From Major

to Major

From Major From Minor From Harm Minor Common Notes

to Major to Nat Minor to Harm Minor

Common Notes Diatonic Keys Non-Diatonic Keys Example
6 P4, P5 C -> G
5 M2 m7 C -> D
4 M6 m3 C -> A
3 M3 m6 C -> E
2 M7 m2, d5 C -> B
Top

to Minor

From Major From Minor From Harm Minor Common Notes

to Major to Nat Minor to Harm Minor

Common Notes Diatonic Keys Non-Diatonic Keys Example
7 M6 C -> Am
6 M2, M3 C -> Dm
5 P5, M7 C -> Gm
4 U d5 C -> Cm
3 P4 m2 C -> Fm
2 m6, m7, m3 C -> A♭m
Top

to Harmonic Minor

From Major From Minor From Harm Minor Common Notes

to Major to Nat Minor to Harm Minor

Common Notes Diatonic Keys Non-Diatonic Keys Example
6 M6 C -> Ahm
5 U, M2, M3 C -> Dhm
4 M7 d5, m7 C -> Bhm
3 P4, P5 m2, m3, m6 C -> Ghm
Top

From Minor

to Major

From Major From Minor From Harm Minor Common Notes

to Major to Nat Minor to Harm Minor

Common Notes Diatonic Keys Non-Diatonic Keys Example
7 m3 Am -> C
6 m7, m6 Am -> G
5 P4 m2 Am -> D
4 U d5 Am -> A
3 P5 M7 Am -> E
2 M2 M3, M6 Am -> B
Top

to Minor

From Major From Minor From Harm Minor Common Notes

to Major to Nat Minor to Harm Minor

Common Notes Diatonic Keys Non-Diatonic Keys Example
6 P4, P5 Am -> Em
5 M2, m7 Am -> Bm
4 m3 M6 Am -> Cm
3 m6 M3 Am -> Fm
2 m2, d5, M7 Am -> E♭m
Top

to Harmonic Minor

From Major From Minor From Harm Minor Common Notes

to Major to Nat Minor to Harm Minor

Common Notes Diatonic Keys Non-Diatonic Keys Example
6 U Am -> Ahm
5 P4, P5 Am -> Dhm
4 m3, M2 M6, m2 Am -> Chm
3 m6, m7 M3, d5, M7 Am -> Fhm
Top

From Harmonic Minor

to Major

From Major From Minor From Harm Minor Common Notes

to Major to Nat Minor to Harm Minor

Common Notes Diatonic Keys Non-Diatonic Keys Example
6 m3 Ahm -> C
5 m6 m7 Ahm -> F
4 U, M2 m2, d5 Ahm -> A
3 P4, P5, M7 M6, M3 Ahm -> D
Top

to Minor

From Major From Minor From Harm Minor Common Notes

to Major to Nat Minor to Harm Minor

Common Notes Diatonic Keys Non-Diatonic Keys Example
6 U Ahm -> Am
5 P4, P5 Ahm -> Dm
4 m3 M6, m7, m2 Ahm -> Cm
3 m6, M2 M3, d5, m2 Ahm -> Fm
Top

to Harmonic Minor

From Major From Minor From Harm Minor Common Notes

to Major to Nat Minor to Harm Minor

Common Notes Diatonic Keys Non-Diatonic Keys Example
4 m3, P4, P5, m6 M3, d5, M6 Ahm -> Chm
3 M2, M7 m2, m7 Ahm -> Bhm
Top


Common Notes Table

From Major From Minor From Harm Minor Common Notes

Key 2 Type
Key 1 Type Key 2 Root's
relation to
Key 1 Root 		Major Minor Harmonic
Minor
Major
U 7 4 5
m2 2 3 3
M2 5 6 5
m3 4 2 3
M3 3 6 5
P4 6 3 3
tt 2 4 4
P5 6 5 3
m6 3 2 3
M6 4 7 6
m7 5 2 4
M7 2 5 4
Minor
U 4 7 6
m2 5 2 4
M2 2 5 4
m3 7 4 5
M3 2 3 3
P4 5 6 5
tt 4 2 3
P5 3 6 5
m6 6 3 3
M6 2 4 4
m7 6 5 3
M7 3 2 3
Harmonic Minor
U 4 6 7
m2 4 3 3
M2 4 3 3
m3 6 4 4
M3 3 3 4
P4 3 5 4
tt 4 3 4
P5 3 5 4
m6 5 3 4
M6 3 4 4
m7 5 4 3
M7 3 3 3


Ordered by 5ths
Key 2 Type
Key 1 Type Key 2 Root's
relation to
Key 1 Root 		Major Minor Harmonic
Minor
Major
U 7 4 5
P5 6 5 3
M2 5 6 5
M6 4 7 6
M3 3 6 5
M7 2 5 4
tt 2 4 4
m2 2 3 3
m6 3 2 3
m3 4 2 3
m7 5 2 4
P4 6 3 3
Minor
U 4 7 6
P5 3 6 5
M2 2 5 4
M6 2 4 4
M3 2 3 3
M7 3 2 3
tt 4 2 3
m2 5 2 4
m6 6 3 3
m3 7 4 5
m7 6 5 3
P4 5 6 5
Harmonic Minor
U 4 6 7
P5 3 5 4
M2 4 3 3
M6 3 4 4
M3 3 3 4
M7 3 3 3
tt 4 3 4
m2 4 3 3
m6 5 3 4
m3 6 4 4
m7 5 4 3
P4 3 5 4
Top
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