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The modern amplifier generally has 2 to 4 channels that you can switch between. This will give you that many distinct tones that you can access on-the-fly. Some amps have completely independent controls for each channel, while some amps share some controls across channels which may make them less versatile. Beyond that, some amps have controls that affect all the channels. Outside of tweaking the controls provided on the amp itself, using boost/overdrive pedals, EQ, or other effects can be used to strongly alter the tone.
== Budget ==
Quality guitar gear is very expensive, and it always feels like you never have enough, or the right gear. An amp is typically a major purchase and the centerpiece of your guitar tone. I'd always argue to spend more on your amp than anything other than possibly your guitar.
Remember that your amp purchase isn't your only expense. Tube amps have to be retubed and possibly maintained every so often. If you need additional effects, such as [[Boosts|boost pedals]], [[Noise Gates|noise gates]], or [[Delay|delay]]/[[Reverb|reverb]], those can add up quickly. So can cables, pedalboards, gig bags, cases, etc. Write it all out, then set your budget.
A major part of amp tone is what cabinet it is paired with.
== Pre-Amp vs. Power Amp ==