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Tone
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== Mics and Mic'ing ==
=== Brand/Type ===
The most important parts of the tone from a microphone are the type (condenser, ribbon, dynamic, etc.) and the brand/model. The most popular microphone for guitars by far is the Shure SM-57, a dynamic mircophone that does well at capturing the guitar's upper-midrange and highs. Some find it overemphasizes highs, but this can be downplayed by altering positioning/angle or through a pre-amp.
Other popular guitar microphones are the Sennheiser MD421, Sennheiser e609, AKG 414, Heil PR20, Heil PR40, Neumann U87, Audio-Technica AT2020, and Royer 121, among others.
It's impossible to describe all their subtleties in a few paragraphs. You'd have to do lots of research, trial and error, and listen to lots of demo's to make smart purchases. Given that you have a number of mics on hand to use, I find using 2 mics simultaneously with contrasting sweet spots gives a very rich signal. Most mics tend to have certain spots in the frequency spectrum where the tone can get a bit noisy, distorted, or weak.
=== Which Speaker ===