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* The leading tone should always resolve up to the tonic if it is part of the next chord.
* Smaller movement is preferable to larger movement.
[http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Johann_Fux Johann Fux] is perhaps the most widely known scholars to identify and codify rules of counterpoint and voice leading. His rules are concerned with the type of motion and the type of intervals created by each pair of voices.
=== Types of Motion ===
* '''Parallel''' - Both voices move in the same direction the exact same number of semitones.
* '''Similar''' - Both voices move in the same direction; however, one is raised or lowered more than the other.
* '''Contrary''' - Both voices move in opposite directions
* '''Oblique''' - One voice moves while the other remains constant.
=== Fux's Voice Leading Rules ===
{| class="wikitable"
! !! Destination<br>Perfect<br>Interval !! Destination<br>Imperfect<br>Interval
|-
! Starting Perfect Interval
|
* Contrary
* Oblique
|
* Contrary
* Oblique
* Similar
|-
! Starting Imperfect Interval
|
* Contrary
* Oblique
|
* Contrary
* Oblique
* Similar
* Parallel
|}
These can be reduced to 3 simple rules:
# Contrary or Oblique motion can always be used to move from any interval to any another.
# Similar motion can be used if the destination interval is imperfect.
# Parallel motion can only be used if the starting and destination intervals are imperfect.
The Perfect Intervals consist only of:
* P1 (Two voices playing the same note)
* P4
* P5
* P8
All other intervals are imperfect:
* m2
* M2
* m3
* M3
* a4/tt/d5
* m6
* M6/d7
* m7
* M7
=== Application to Guitar ===