View source for Ref: Circle of Fifths

== Tables of fifths w/ scales ==
===Major - Cb to C#===
{| class="wikitable"
|-
! Key !!Cb !! Gb !! Db !! Ab !! Eb !! Bb !! F !! C !! G !! D !! A !! E !! B !! F# !! C#
|-
| Flats/Sharps||7 b's||6 b's || 5 b's || 4 b's || 3 b's || 2 b's || 1 b's || 0 b/#'s || 1 #'s || 2 #'s || 3 #'s || 4 #'s || 5 #'s || 6 #'s || 7 #'s
|-
! Unison ||Cb || Gb || Db || Ab || Eb || Bb || F || C || G || D || A || E || B || F# || C#
|-
| 2nd ||Db || Ab|| Eb || Bb || F || C || G || D || A || E|| B || F#|| C# || G# || D#
|-
| 3rd ||Eb || Bb || F || C || G || D || A || E || B || F# || C# || G#|| D# || A# || E#
|-
! 4th ||Fb || Cb || Gb || Db || Ab || Eb || Bb || F || C || G || D || A|| E || B || F#
|-
| 5th ||Gb || Db || Ab || Eb || Bb || F || C || G || D || A || E|| B|| F# || C# || G#
|-
| 6th ||Ab || Eb || Bb || F || C || G || D || A || E || B || F#|| C#|| G# || D# || A#
|-
! 7th ||Bb || F || C || G || D || A || E || B || F# || C# || G#|| D#|| A# || E# || B#
|-
| Oct ||Cb || Gb || Db || Ab || Eb || Bb || F || C || G || D || A|| E|| B || F# || C#
|}
Notice the 4ths and 7ths - this is where the notes flatten/sharpen when shifting keys up/down a fifth (or down/up a fourth).

===Natural Minor - Ab to A#===
{| class="wikitable"
|-
! Key !!Ab !! Eb !! Bb !! F !! C !! G !! D !! A !! E !! B !! F# !! C# !! G# !! D# !! A#
|-
| Flats/Sharps||7 b's||6 b's || 5 b's || 4 b's || 3 b's || 2 b's || 1 b's || 0 b/#'s || 1 #'s || 2 #'s || 3 #'s || 4 #'s || 5 #'s || 6 #'s || 7 #'s
|-
| Uni ||Ab || Eb || Bb || F || C || G || D || A || E || B || F#|| C#|| G# || D# || A#
|-
! 2nd ||Bb || F || C || G || D || A || E || B || F# || C# || G#|| D#|| A# || E# || B#
|-
| 3rd ||Cb || Gb || Db || Ab || Eb || Bb || F || C || G || D || A|| E|| B || F# || C#
|-
| 4nd ||Db || Ab|| Eb || Bb || F || C || G || D || A || E|| B || F#|| C# || G# || D#
|-
| 5rd ||Eb || Bb || F || C || G || D || A || E || B || F# || C# || G#|| D# || A# || E#
|-
! 6th ||Fb || Cb || Gb || Db || Ab || Eb || Bb || F || C || G || D || A|| E || B || F#
|-
| 7th ||Gb || Db || Ab || Eb || Bb || F || C || G || D || A || E|| B|| F# || C# || G#
|-
| Oct ||Ab || Eb || Bb || F || C || G || D || A || E || B || F#|| C#|| G# || D# || A#
|}

Notice the 2nds and 6ths - this is where the notes flatten/sharpen when shifting keys up/down a fifth (or down/up a fourth).

== Fifths and equivalents ==
All columns are equivalent pitches.  Each cell is a perfect fifth above the cell to its left.
{| class="wikitable"
|-
| Ebbbb || Bbbbb || Fbbb || Cbbb || Gbbb || Dbbb || Abbb || Ebbb || Bbbb || Fbb || Cbb || Gbb || Dbb
|-
| Dbb || Abb || Ebb || Bbb || Fb || Cb || Gb || Db || Ab || Eb || Bb || F || C
|-
| C || G || D || A || E || B || F# || C# || G# || D# || A# || E# || B#
|-
| B# || F## || C## || G## || D## || A## || E## || B## || F### || C### || G### || D### || A###
|-
| A### || E### || B### || F#### || C#### || G#### || D#### || A#### || E#### || B#### || F##### || C##### || G##### 

|}

== Rules and Guidelines ==
The 1.____ scale a perfect fifth 2.____ the current scale contains the same notes but the 3.___ in the current scale is 4.____ to become the 5.____ of the new scale.

{| class = "wikitable"
|-
! 1 !! 2 !! 3 !! 4 !! 5
|-
| major || above || P4 || sharped || M7
|-
| minor || above || M6 || sharped || M2
|-
| major || below || M7 || flattened || P4
|-
| minor || below || M2 || flattened || m6
|}

== Equivalent Pitches for Scales Below/Above by Interval ==
Modulating from any major scale to a new major scale that is ___ interval above/below the original key has ___ same pitches and #/b per note:
{| class="wikitable"
|- 
! Interval Above Root 
|  Uni || m2 || M2 || m3 || M3 || P4 || d5 || P5 || m6 || M6 || D7 || M7
|-
! Interval Below Root 
| Uni || M7 || D7 || M6 || m6 || P5 || d5 || P4 || M3 || m3 || M2 || m2
|- 
!Example Major Key 
| C || C# || D || D# || E || F || F# || G || G# || A || A# || B 
|- 
!Number of Common Pitches 
| 7 || 2 || 5 || 4 || 3 || 6 || 2 || 6 || 3 || 4 || 5 || 2
|}


Which means the most harmonic key changes are:
{| class = "wikitable"
|- 
!Common Notes !! Diatonic Keys !! Non-Diatonic Keys 
|- 
|6 || P4, P5 ||
|- 
|5 || M2 || D7
|- 
|4 || M6 || m3
|-
|3 || M3 || m6
|-
|2 || M7 || m2, d5
|}
<nowiki>*</nowiki> Note: All intervals in above table are ''above'' the root note